EBOOK - Light and heavy vehicle technology (M.J. Nunney)


The purpose of this new fourth edition of Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology remains one of providing readily accessible information, which bridges the gap between the purely basic and the more advanced treatments of the subject. By understanding the reasons behind the design, construction and operation of the many and varied components of modern motor vehicles, the technician should be better equipped to deal with their servicing and overhaul. Some references to past automotive practice have been retained, not only because a technician may still be required to test and repair older vehicles, but also to provide a convenient transition to later practice.
Two entirely new sections of the book provide a topical introduction to alternative power sources and fuels, and batteryelectric, hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles. Also, the number of entries in the list of automotive technical abbreviations has now increased to over 200. Finally, as in previous editions of the book, the tradition of including brief historical notes on the development of modern automotive concepts has been continued.


1 The reciprocating piston petrol engine 1
1.1 Modern requirements 1
1.2 Engine nomenclature 2
1.3 Operating principles 4
1.4 Basic structure and mechanism 9
1.5 Cylinder and crankthrow arrangements 12
1.6 Cylinder block, crankcase and head 16
1.7 Pistons and connecting rods 26
1.8 Crankshaft assembly and main bearings 35
1.9 Crankshaft torsional vibration dampers 44
1.10 Valve train 47
1.11 Timing drive 60
1.12 The principles of valve timing 66
2 The diesel engine 71
2.1 Suitability for road transport 71
2.2 Operating principles 71
2.3 Cylinder block, crankcase and head 74
2.4 Pistons and connecting rods 77
2.5 Crankshaft assembly and main
bearings 80
2.6 Valve train and timing drive 82
3 Combustion chambers and processes 86
3.1 Basic layouts of combustion chambers 86
3.2 Combustion in the petrol engine 87
3.3 Petrol engine combustion chambers 89
3.4 Combustion in the diesel engine 94
3.5 Diesel engine combustion chambers 95
3.6 Cylinder charge agitation 98
4 Engine lubrication 100
4.1 Friction and wear 100
4.2 The lubrication process 100
4.3 Engine lubricating oils 102
4.4 Engine lubrication systems 106
4.5 Oil pumps and pressure relief valves 114
4.6 Oil filtration and cooling 117
4.7 Oil retention and crankcase ventilation 119
5 Engine cooling, vehicle heating and air conditioning 124
5.1 Heat transfer and cooling media 124
5.2 Engine air-cooling system 125
5.3 Engine water-cooling system 127
5.4 Engine cooling systems for passenger cars and heavy vehicles 139
5.5 Engine coolant 141
5.6 Interior ventilation and heating 143
5.7 Introduction to passenger car air conditioning systems 147
5.8 Principles of refrigerated air conditioning 147
5.9 Refrigerated air conditioning system components 148
5.10 Full air conditioning systems 153
5.11 Commercial vehicle refrigeration units 153
6 Carburation and fuel injection 156
6.1 Fuel supply system 156
6.2 Fixed-choke carburettors 162
6.3 Variable-choke carburettors 168
6.4 Multiple and compound carburettors 171
6.5 Electronically controlled carburettors 173
6.6 Petrol engine fuel injection 173
6.7 Multi-point fuel injection  175
6.8 Single-point fuel injection  178
6.9 Direct fuel injection 180
6.10 Electronic throttle control 181
7 Intake and exhaust systems 183
7.1 Air cleaner and silencer 183
7.2 Intake and exhaust manifolds 185
7.3 Exhaust system 189
7.4 Vacuum gauge and exhaust gas analyser 191
8 Diesel fuel injection systems 193
8.1 Fuel injection systems 193
8.2 Fuel supply system 193
8.3 In-line fuel injection pump 196
8.4 Governing the in-line fuel injection pump 200
8.5 Distributor fuel injection pump 205
8.6 Governing the distributor fuel injection pump 207
8.7 Timing in-line and distributor fuel injection pumps 208
8.8 Fuel injectors for jerk pump systems 209
8.9 Unit fuel injection
...

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The purpose of this new fourth edition of Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology remains one of providing readily accessible information, which bridges the gap between the purely basic and the more advanced treatments of the subject. By understanding the reasons behind the design, construction and operation of the many and varied components of modern motor vehicles, the technician should be better equipped to deal with their servicing and overhaul. Some references to past automotive practice have been retained, not only because a technician may still be required to test and repair older vehicles, but also to provide a convenient transition to later practice.
Two entirely new sections of the book provide a topical introduction to alternative power sources and fuels, and batteryelectric, hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles. Also, the number of entries in the list of automotive technical abbreviations has now increased to over 200. Finally, as in previous editions of the book, the tradition of including brief historical notes on the development of modern automotive concepts has been continued.


1 The reciprocating piston petrol engine 1
1.1 Modern requirements 1
1.2 Engine nomenclature 2
1.3 Operating principles 4
1.4 Basic structure and mechanism 9
1.5 Cylinder and crankthrow arrangements 12
1.6 Cylinder block, crankcase and head 16
1.7 Pistons and connecting rods 26
1.8 Crankshaft assembly and main bearings 35
1.9 Crankshaft torsional vibration dampers 44
1.10 Valve train 47
1.11 Timing drive 60
1.12 The principles of valve timing 66
2 The diesel engine 71
2.1 Suitability for road transport 71
2.2 Operating principles 71
2.3 Cylinder block, crankcase and head 74
2.4 Pistons and connecting rods 77
2.5 Crankshaft assembly and main
bearings 80
2.6 Valve train and timing drive 82
3 Combustion chambers and processes 86
3.1 Basic layouts of combustion chambers 86
3.2 Combustion in the petrol engine 87
3.3 Petrol engine combustion chambers 89
3.4 Combustion in the diesel engine 94
3.5 Diesel engine combustion chambers 95
3.6 Cylinder charge agitation 98
4 Engine lubrication 100
4.1 Friction and wear 100
4.2 The lubrication process 100
4.3 Engine lubricating oils 102
4.4 Engine lubrication systems 106
4.5 Oil pumps and pressure relief valves 114
4.6 Oil filtration and cooling 117
4.7 Oil retention and crankcase ventilation 119
5 Engine cooling, vehicle heating and air conditioning 124
5.1 Heat transfer and cooling media 124
5.2 Engine air-cooling system 125
5.3 Engine water-cooling system 127
5.4 Engine cooling systems for passenger cars and heavy vehicles 139
5.5 Engine coolant 141
5.6 Interior ventilation and heating 143
5.7 Introduction to passenger car air conditioning systems 147
5.8 Principles of refrigerated air conditioning 147
5.9 Refrigerated air conditioning system components 148
5.10 Full air conditioning systems 153
5.11 Commercial vehicle refrigeration units 153
6 Carburation and fuel injection 156
6.1 Fuel supply system 156
6.2 Fixed-choke carburettors 162
6.3 Variable-choke carburettors 168
6.4 Multiple and compound carburettors 171
6.5 Electronically controlled carburettors 173
6.6 Petrol engine fuel injection 173
6.7 Multi-point fuel injection  175
6.8 Single-point fuel injection  178
6.9 Direct fuel injection 180
6.10 Electronic throttle control 181
7 Intake and exhaust systems 183
7.1 Air cleaner and silencer 183
7.2 Intake and exhaust manifolds 185
7.3 Exhaust system 189
7.4 Vacuum gauge and exhaust gas analyser 191
8 Diesel fuel injection systems 193
8.1 Fuel injection systems 193
8.2 Fuel supply system 193
8.3 In-line fuel injection pump 196
8.4 Governing the in-line fuel injection pump 200
8.5 Distributor fuel injection pump 205
8.6 Governing the distributor fuel injection pump 207
8.7 Timing in-line and distributor fuel injection pumps 208
8.8 Fuel injectors for jerk pump systems 209
8.9 Unit fuel injection
...

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