EBOOK - Power Pneumatics - Full Edition (Michael J. Pinches & Brian J. Callear) & Tổng hợp các bản dịch Tiếng Việt - Sách Power Pneumatics (Full Update liên tục)
Bridging the gap between the theory of compressible fluids and the construction and application of pneumatic equipment, this work provides an introduction to the industrial application of power pneumatics. Basic pneumatic theory, and types and modes of operation of pneumatic components are covered.
This is the most complete, up-to-date guide to power pneumatics system design, component selection, and problem solving.This book presents power pneumatics from the systems standpoint, with extensive coverage of system design and component selection. Compressed air generation, processing and distribution are covered at length. The operation and application of values and actuators is covered from both a practical and theoretical viewpoint. Pneumatic circuitry is explained, along with a range of solutions to both pneumatic and electro-pneumatic problems. System controls discussed range from mechanical up to PLC/PC operations, and a chapter on the application of logic assists in problem solving. Practical advice is provided for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting. A final chapter on design draws together information from the entire book to show how significant design problems can be solved.This book is for any professional or student working in the field of power pneumatics.
CONTENTS:
‘Pneumatic principles 3
1.1.1 Systems of units 5
1.1.2 Pressure<6
1.1.3. Pascal’s laws 10
1.1.4 Quantity flowing 10
Properties of air 11
1.2.1 The gas laws 12
1.2.2 Characteristic gas equation 14
Expansion and compression of gases 14
1.3.1. Types of expansion and compression 14
Air compression 17
1.4.1. Work done during compression 19
1.4.2 Multistage compression 22
1.4.3. Compressor volumetric efficiency 22
Flow through pipes and pressure drops 24
1.5.1 Pressure drops in pipe fittings 27
Production and distribution of compressed air 28
Types of compressor 28
2.1.1 Reciprocating compressors 28
2.1.2 Rotary compressors 29
Compressor control 30
22.1 Throttling 31
2.2.2 Variable speed drive 31
2.2.3 Unloading 32
2.2.4 Stopping and starting 32
Air conditioning 34
2.3.1 Air dryers 36
2.3.2 Air filters 38
2.3.3. Air regulators 39
2.3.4 Air lubricators 41
vi Contents
2.4 Compressor plant layout 43
2.5 Air line installation 45
2.6 Air consumption 47
2.6.1 Determination of compressor capacity 52
2.6.2 Air receiver sizing 53
2.6.3 In-line receivers 58
2.6.4 Air leaks and reducing air losses 60
Valves 63
3.1. Direction control valves 63
3.1.1 Sliding spool valves 63
3.1.2 Glandless spool valves 66
3.1.3 Poppet valves 68
3.1.4 Rotary spool valves 68
3.1.5 Rotary disc (plate) valves 69
3.1.6 Slide valves 69
3.1.7. Methods of valve actuation 70
3.2 Valve specification 72
3.3. Valve performance 75
3.4 Valve mounting 77
3.4.1. Body porting 77
3.4.2 Manifold mounting 78
3.5 Valve applications 79
3.6 Pressure control valves 82
3.6.1 Pressure relief valves 82
3.6.2 Pressure terminology 86
3.7 Pressure regulators 87
3.8 Flow control valves 91
3.9 Pneumatic jet sensing 92
3.9.1 Jet occlusion 94
3.9.2 Proximity jet sensing 96
3.9.3 Interruptable jet sensing 97
Actuators 98
4.1 Pneumatic cylinders 98
4.1.1 Single-rod single-acting cylinders 98
4.1.2 Single-acting diaphragm cylinders 99
4.1.3 Air bellows 99
4.1.4 Double-acting cylinders 100
4.1.5 Tandem cylinders 100
4.1.6 Duplex cylinders 101
4.1.7. Double-rod or through-rod cylinders 102
4.1.8 Impact cylinders 102
4.2 Cylinder sizing 107
4.2.1 Static force calculation 107
4.2.2 Dynamic cylinder forces 109
Contents
4.2.3 Cushioning of cylinders 111
4.2.4 Cylinder speeds 115
Cylinder mounting 120
4.3.1 Piston rod buckling 121
Rodless cylinders 123
4.4.1 Magnetic rodless cylinders 123
4.4.2 Band cylinders 124
4.4.3 Slot-type cylinders 125
4.4.4 Selection of rodless cylinders 126
4.4.5 Cylinder deflection 130
Cylinder seals 133
Torque units (semi-rotary actuators) 133
Pneumatic motors ‘134
4.7.1 Displacement motors 135
4.7.2 Vane motors 135
4.7.3 Piston motors 136
4.7.4 Dynamic motors 137
4.7.5 Motor characteristics 139
Cylinder control 140
Direction control 140
5.1.1 Single-acting cylinders 140
5.1.2 Double-acting cylinders 141
Speed control 145
5.2.1 Meter-in 146
5.2.2 Meter-out 146
Pilot operation 147
5.3.1 Pressure-applied operation 147
5.3.2 Pressure release pilot operation 148
5.3.3 Multi-point pilot operation 149
5.3.4 Automatic operation 149
5.3.5 Pressure sensing 150
5.3.6 Trapped signals and signal breakers 151
5.3.7 Time delays 153
5.3.8 Thrust control 154
5.3.9 Manual overrides 154
Sequential control of actuators 155
5.4.1. Notation 156
5.4.2 Two-cylinder operation 157
5.4.3. Trapped signals in multi-cylinder sequences 160
5.4.4 Signal-event charts 161
5.4.5 Trapped signals and spring return cylinder valves 162
5.4.6 Fwo steps initiated from one signal 166
Cascade circuits 167
5.5.1. Designing a cascade circuit 167
5.5.2 Grouping a sequence 168
Vii
Vili Contents
5.5.3 Rules for the design of a cascade circuit 169
5.5.4 Use of signal-event charts 171
5.5.5 Cascade valve arrangements 172
5.5.6 Three-port valve cascade system 173
5.5.7 Alternative 5-port valve cascade system 173
5.5.8 Modified cascade circuits 174
5.5.9 Cascade circuits using spring offset valves 176
Hydro-pneumatics 179
5.6.1 Equal pressure air—oil systems 179
5.6.2 Speed control using air—oil systems 180
5.6.3 Double-acting hydro-pneumatic cylinders 181
5.6.4 Emergency stop in an air—oil system 181
5.6.5 Air-oil reservoirs 183
5.6.6 Duplex air—oil cylinders 183
5.6.7 Hydro-checks 184
5.7 High-pressure air—oil systems 187 ce
5.7.1 Single shot intensifiers 188
5.7.2 Continuous pressure intensifiers 190
Nn Oo
6 Logic 194
6.1 Boolean algebra 194
6.1.1 Rules for logic equation manipulation 196
6.2 Pneumatic valves as logic valves 198
6.2.1 Comparison of logic and pneumatic symbols 199
6.3 Active and passive gates 199
6.4 Pneumatic logic valves 203
6.5 Truth tables and their use 205
6.5.1 Complement of functions 208
6.6 Karnaugh maps 209
6.6.1 Simplification using Karnaugh maps 211
6.6.2 Karnaugh map for minimisation 212
6.7 Sequential control 216
6.7.1 Secondary functions 221
6.7.2 Multiple operations 224
6.7.3 Multiple sequences and multiple actions 225
7 Electro-pneumatics 229
7.1 Switches 229
7.1.1 Limit switches 230
7.2 Solenoids 232
7.3. Electrical relays 233
7.3.1 Latching or hold-on relay circuits 235
7.3.2 Time delay relays 237
7.313) Relay logic 237
7.4 Solenoid valves 238
7.5 Electrical control circuits 240
7.5.1 Control of single-solenoid valves 240
7.5.2 Relay circuits 241
7.5.3 Control of double-solenoid 2-position valves 243
Multi-cylinder circuits 245
7.6.1 Cascade electrical circuits 247
7.6.2 Use of single-solenoid valves in multi-cylinder circuits 251
7.6.3 Concurrent operation of steps in a sequence 252
7.6.4 Cascade circuits using single-solenoid valves 253
Programmable Logic Controllers 256
Programming devices 257
8.1.1 Input modules 257
8.1.2 Output modules 257
Application of PLCs 257
8.2.1 Nomenclature 258
8.2.2 Loading the program into the PLC 261
8.2.3. Logic block functions ORB and ANB 261
8.2.4 Output signal latching 264
8.2.5 Multiple operations 269
8.2.6 Repetitive operations (counters) 271
8.2.7 Timers 274
Fieldbus systems 277
Maintenance 279
Component maintenance 279
Die Valve séais1279
9.1.2 Valve maintenance 279
9.1.3 Solenoid valve maintenance 282
9.1.4 Cylinder construction 283
9.1.5 Cylinder seals 283
9.1.6 Cylinder installation 283
9.1.7 Cylinder maintenance 283
Installation of pneumatic equipment 285
9.2.1 Installing a complete machine 285
9.2.2 Building a new circuit 286
Fault finding 287
9.3.1 Safety rules 287
9.3.2 Fault-finding procedure: production machines 288
9.3.3 Logical fault finding 289
Design of pneumatic systems 293
10.1 Design criteria 293
10.1.1 Design information required 293
10.1.2 System to be designed 295
10.1.3 Component selection and spares requirements 295
10.2 Formulae used in calculations 296
ix
x Contents
10.2.1 Quantity of air flow 296
10.2.2 Flow through valves 297
10.2.3 Flow through pipes 298
10.2.4 Pressure drop through pipe fittings 300
10.2.5 Cylinder sizing 301
10.2.6 Cylinder air consumption 302
10.3 Design study 302
Appendix 1: Pneumatic symbols 311
Appendix 2: Questions 314
Answers 319
Index 320
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EBOOK - Power Pneumatics - 1st Edition (Michael J. Pinches & Brian J. Callear) 1997
Bridging the gap between the theory of compressible fluids and the construction and application of pneumatic equipment, this work provides an introduction to the industrial application of power pneumatics. Basic pneumatic theory, and types and modes of operation of pneumatic components are covered.
This is the most complete, up-to-date guide to power pneumatics system design, component selection, and problem solving.This book presents power pneumatics from the systems standpoint, with extensive coverage of system design and component selection. Compressed air generation, processing and distribution are covered at length. The operation and application of values and actuators is covered from both a practical and theoretical viewpoint. Pneumatic circuitry is explained, along with a range of solutions to both pneumatic and electro-pneumatic problems. System controls discussed range from mechanical up to PLC/PC operations, and a chapter on the application of logic assists in problem solving. Practical advice is provided for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting. A final chapter on design draws together information from the entire book to show how significant design problems can be solved.This book is for any professional or student working in the field of power pneumatics.
CONTENTS:
‘Pneumatic principles 3
1.1.1 Systems of units 5
1.1.2 Pressure<6
1.1.3. Pascal’s laws 10
1.1.4 Quantity flowing 10
Properties of air 11
1.2.1 The gas laws 12
1.2.2 Characteristic gas equation 14
Expansion and compression of gases 14
1.3.1. Types of expansion and compression 14
Air compression 17
1.4.1. Work done during compression 19
1.4.2 Multistage compression 22
1.4.3. Compressor volumetric efficiency 22
Flow through pipes and pressure drops 24
1.5.1 Pressure drops in pipe fittings 27
Production and distribution of compressed air 28
Types of compressor 28
2.1.1 Reciprocating compressors 28
2.1.2 Rotary compressors 29
Compressor control 30
22.1 Throttling 31
2.2.2 Variable speed drive 31
2.2.3 Unloading 32
2.2.4 Stopping and starting 32
Air conditioning 34
2.3.1 Air dryers 36
2.3.2 Air filters 38
2.3.3. Air regulators 39
2.3.4 Air lubricators 41
vi Contents
2.4 Compressor plant layout 43
2.5 Air line installation 45
2.6 Air consumption 47
2.6.1 Determination of compressor capacity 52
2.6.2 Air receiver sizing 53
2.6.3 In-line receivers 58
2.6.4 Air leaks and reducing air losses 60
Valves 63
3.1. Direction control valves 63
3.1.1 Sliding spool valves 63
3.1.2 Glandless spool valves 66
3.1.3 Poppet valves 68
3.1.4 Rotary spool valves 68
3.1.5 Rotary disc (plate) valves 69
3.1.6 Slide valves 69
3.1.7. Methods of valve actuation 70
3.2 Valve specification 72
3.3. Valve performance 75
3.4 Valve mounting 77
3.4.1. Body porting 77
3.4.2 Manifold mounting 78
3.5 Valve applications 79
3.6 Pressure control valves 82
3.6.1 Pressure relief valves 82
3.6.2 Pressure terminology 86
3.7 Pressure regulators 87
3.8 Flow control valves 91
3.9 Pneumatic jet sensing 92
3.9.1 Jet occlusion 94
3.9.2 Proximity jet sensing 96
3.9.3 Interruptable jet sensing 97
Actuators 98
4.1 Pneumatic cylinders 98
4.1.1 Single-rod single-acting cylinders 98
4.1.2 Single-acting diaphragm cylinders 99
4.1.3 Air bellows 99
4.1.4 Double-acting cylinders 100
4.1.5 Tandem cylinders 100
4.1.6 Duplex cylinders 101
4.1.7. Double-rod or through-rod cylinders 102
4.1.8 Impact cylinders 102
4.2 Cylinder sizing 107
4.2.1 Static force calculation 107
4.2.2 Dynamic cylinder forces 109
Contents
4.2.3 Cushioning of cylinders 111
4.2.4 Cylinder speeds 115
Cylinder mounting 120
4.3.1 Piston rod buckling 121
Rodless cylinders 123
4.4.1 Magnetic rodless cylinders 123
4.4.2 Band cylinders 124
4.4.3 Slot-type cylinders 125
4.4.4 Selection of rodless cylinders 126
4.4.5 Cylinder deflection 130
Cylinder seals 133
Torque units (semi-rotary actuators) 133
Pneumatic motors ‘134
4.7.1 Displacement motors 135
4.7.2 Vane motors 135
4.7.3 Piston motors 136
4.7.4 Dynamic motors 137
4.7.5 Motor characteristics 139
Cylinder control 140
Direction control 140
5.1.1 Single-acting cylinders 140
5.1.2 Double-acting cylinders 141
Speed control 145
5.2.1 Meter-in 146
5.2.2 Meter-out 146
Pilot operation 147
5.3.1 Pressure-applied operation 147
5.3.2 Pressure release pilot operation 148
5.3.3 Multi-point pilot operation 149
5.3.4 Automatic operation 149
5.3.5 Pressure sensing 150
5.3.6 Trapped signals and signal breakers 151
5.3.7 Time delays 153
5.3.8 Thrust control 154
5.3.9 Manual overrides 154
Sequential control of actuators 155
5.4.1. Notation 156
5.4.2 Two-cylinder operation 157
5.4.3. Trapped signals in multi-cylinder sequences 160
5.4.4 Signal-event charts 161
5.4.5 Trapped signals and spring return cylinder valves 162
5.4.6 Fwo steps initiated from one signal 166
Cascade circuits 167
5.5.1. Designing a cascade circuit 167
5.5.2 Grouping a sequence 168
Vii
Vili Contents
5.5.3 Rules for the design of a cascade circuit 169
5.5.4 Use of signal-event charts 171
5.5.5 Cascade valve arrangements 172
5.5.6 Three-port valve cascade system 173
5.5.7 Alternative 5-port valve cascade system 173
5.5.8 Modified cascade circuits 174
5.5.9 Cascade circuits using spring offset valves 176
Hydro-pneumatics 179
5.6.1 Equal pressure air—oil systems 179
5.6.2 Speed control using air—oil systems 180
5.6.3 Double-acting hydro-pneumatic cylinders 181
5.6.4 Emergency stop in an air—oil system 181
5.6.5 Air-oil reservoirs 183
5.6.6 Duplex air—oil cylinders 183
5.6.7 Hydro-checks 184
5.7 High-pressure air—oil systems 187 ce
5.7.1 Single shot intensifiers 188
5.7.2 Continuous pressure intensifiers 190
Nn Oo
6 Logic 194
6.1 Boolean algebra 194
6.1.1 Rules for logic equation manipulation 196
6.2 Pneumatic valves as logic valves 198
6.2.1 Comparison of logic and pneumatic symbols 199
6.3 Active and passive gates 199
6.4 Pneumatic logic valves 203
6.5 Truth tables and their use 205
6.5.1 Complement of functions 208
6.6 Karnaugh maps 209
6.6.1 Simplification using Karnaugh maps 211
6.6.2 Karnaugh map for minimisation 212
6.7 Sequential control 216
6.7.1 Secondary functions 221
6.7.2 Multiple operations 224
6.7.3 Multiple sequences and multiple actions 225
7 Electro-pneumatics 229
7.1 Switches 229
7.1.1 Limit switches 230
7.2 Solenoids 232
7.3. Electrical relays 233
7.3.1 Latching or hold-on relay circuits 235
7.3.2 Time delay relays 237
7.313) Relay logic 237
7.4 Solenoid valves 238
7.5 Electrical control circuits 240
7.5.1 Control of single-solenoid valves 240
7.5.2 Relay circuits 241
7.5.3 Control of double-solenoid 2-position valves 243
Multi-cylinder circuits 245
7.6.1 Cascade electrical circuits 247
7.6.2 Use of single-solenoid valves in multi-cylinder circuits 251
7.6.3 Concurrent operation of steps in a sequence 252
7.6.4 Cascade circuits using single-solenoid valves 253
Programmable Logic Controllers 256
Programming devices 257
8.1.1 Input modules 257
8.1.2 Output modules 257
Application of PLCs 257
8.2.1 Nomenclature 258
8.2.2 Loading the program into the PLC 261
8.2.3. Logic block functions ORB and ANB 261
8.2.4 Output signal latching 264
8.2.5 Multiple operations 269
8.2.6 Repetitive operations (counters) 271
8.2.7 Timers 274
Fieldbus systems 277
Maintenance 279
Component maintenance 279
Die Valve séais1279
9.1.2 Valve maintenance 279
9.1.3 Solenoid valve maintenance 282
9.1.4 Cylinder construction 283
9.1.5 Cylinder seals 283
9.1.6 Cylinder installation 283
9.1.7 Cylinder maintenance 283
Installation of pneumatic equipment 285
9.2.1 Installing a complete machine 285
9.2.2 Building a new circuit 286
Fault finding 287
9.3.1 Safety rules 287
9.3.2 Fault-finding procedure: production machines 288
9.3.3 Logical fault finding 289
Design of pneumatic systems 293
10.1 Design criteria 293
10.1.1 Design information required 293
10.1.2 System to be designed 295
10.1.3 Component selection and spares requirements 295
10.2 Formulae used in calculations 296
ix
x Contents
10.2.1 Quantity of air flow 296
10.2.2 Flow through valves 297
10.2.3 Flow through pipes 298
10.2.4 Pressure drop through pipe fittings 300
10.2.5 Cylinder sizing 301
10.2.6 Cylinder air consumption 302
10.3 Design study 302
Appendix 1: Pneumatic symbols 311
Appendix 2: Questions 314
Answers 319
Index 320
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TỔNG HỢP - BÀI DỊCH SÁCH POWER PNEUMATICS - BÀI TẬP KỸ THUẬT THỦY LỰC VÀ KHÍ NÉN - PHẦN II KHÍ NÉN (Ví dụ 1.1 đến ví dụ 10.5 sách Power Pneumatics, Bài tập 1 đến 23, Appendix 2).
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TỔNG HỢP - BÀI DỊCH SÁCH POWER PNEUMATICS - BÀI TẬP LỚN THỦY LỰC VÀ KHÍ NÉN (23 CÂU BÀI TẬP; CHƯƠNG 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10).
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TỔNG HỢP - BÀI DỊCH SÁCH POWER PNEUMATICS - BÀI TẬP KHÍ NÉN - BÀI TẬP NHÀ TỔNG HỢP PHẦN KHÍ NÉN (Giải bài tập Q.1 đến Q.23, bài tập chương 3 & chương 4, câu hỏi ôn tập về hệ thống khí nén).
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EBOOK - Power Pneumatics - 1st Edition (Michael J. Pinches & Brian J. Callear) 1997



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