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Heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of methyl orange by Fe2O3 TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light
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Abstract
A novel heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst Fe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticle was successfully prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Photoluminescence spectra (PL) and porosimetry analysis. The characterization results showed that the nano-sized Fe2O3 particles appeared on the TiO2 support and the Fe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticle exhibited enhanced absorption in the broad visible-light region together with an apparent red shift in the optical absorption edge. The XPS results revealed that the presence of Ti4+ and Fe3+ in Fe2O3/TiO2 materials. The activity of heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst Fe2O3/TiO2 combined with the photocatalytic and photo-Fenton was assayed in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the presence of visible light and H2O2. The results showed that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton was much faster and higher removal of methyl orange than the photocatalytic degradation alone. The mineralization of the organic pollutant was investigated by total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. The Fe2O3/TiO2 + H2O2 showed the highest TOC mineralization of MO. All these results indicate the possibility of the practical application of this photocatalyst for water treatment.
Introduction
Synthetic dyes have been widely used in the paper, plastic and pharmaceutical industries leading to the mass production of synthetic dyes and mass discharge of synthetic dye-containing wastewater [1]. Unluckily, stability of these dyes is so high, and resistant to biodegradation, the presence of these pollutants in water has highly influences the quality of water because most of them are considered to be toxic or even carcinogenic, and has a serious hazard to living organisms, effective treatment of dye-containing wastewater has been actively studied for several decades [2], [3]. Conventional biological and chemical processes methods are not efficient for the degradation of dyes as their molecular structure contains complex aromatic amide groups with alkyl, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid, substituent, and inorganic sodium salts [4], [5]. Adsorption using activated carbon is simple and efficient for the removal of dyes but needs high cost in regeneration [6], [7], [8].
Abstract
A novel heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst Fe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticle was successfully prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Photoluminescence spectra (PL) and porosimetry analysis. The characterization results showed that the nano-sized Fe2O3 particles appeared on the TiO2 support and the Fe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticle exhibited enhanced absorption in the broad visible-light region together with an apparent red shift in the optical absorption edge. The XPS results revealed that the presence of Ti4+ and Fe3+ in Fe2O3/TiO2 materials. The activity of heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst Fe2O3/TiO2 combined with the photocatalytic and photo-Fenton was assayed in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the presence of visible light and H2O2. The results showed that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton was much faster and higher removal of methyl orange than the photocatalytic degradation alone. The mineralization of the organic pollutant was investigated by total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. The Fe2O3/TiO2 + H2O2 showed the highest TOC mineralization of MO. All these results indicate the possibility of the practical application of this photocatalyst for water treatment.
Introduction
Synthetic dyes have been widely used in the paper, plastic and pharmaceutical industries leading to the mass production of synthetic dyes and mass discharge of synthetic dye-containing wastewater [1]. Unluckily, stability of these dyes is so high, and resistant to biodegradation, the presence of these pollutants in water has highly influences the quality of water because most of them are considered to be toxic or even carcinogenic, and has a serious hazard to living organisms, effective treatment of dye-containing wastewater has been actively studied for several decades [2], [3]. Conventional biological and chemical processes methods are not efficient for the degradation of dyes as their molecular structure contains complex aromatic amide groups with alkyl, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid, substituent, and inorganic sodium salts [4], [5]. Adsorption using activated carbon is simple and efficient for the removal of dyes but needs high cost in regeneration [6], [7], [8].
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