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Carbon-Based Hybrid Composites as Advanced Electrodes for Supercapacitors
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The energy demand is increasing day by day leading to the decrease of available non-renewable energy resources. To combat such crisis, a variety of energy storage and energy conversion devices are now being made available like batteries, supercapacitors, conventional capacitors and fuel cell. Among these, the supercapacitor is superior due to their remarkable properties of cyclic stability, safety, being environmental friendly, low cost etc. However, the supercapacitor is deficient in the amount of energy it can store compared to batteries and fuel cell.
So far, numerous type of carbon based electrode materials have been used for preparing supercapacitor like activated carbons, carbon aerogels, graphene, carbon nanotubes and so on due to their high surface area, cycle life, high electrical conductivity, and high power density. However, the carbon based electrode materials are lacking in ability to store high energy density. In order to improve the energy density without losing their power density, the carbon based electrode material has been modified to include composites with noble materials like metal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4, NiO etc.,), metal sulphate (NiS, NiCo2S4, Co3S4 etc.,) and conducting polymers ((PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PT), Poly (3, 4-ethyelenedioxythiophene, etc.,) (PEDOT)). In this chapter, we present a detailed discussion on the advances made in the carbon based electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Finally, we end the chapter with conclusion and prospects for future development of carbon based electrode materials. With this, we hope that the reader will get updated information on the new carbon based electrode materials that have arrived for supercapacitor applications and also new insights to this topic.
The energy demand is increasing day by day leading to the decrease of available non-renewable energy resources. To combat such crisis, a variety of energy storage and energy conversion devices are now being made available like batteries, supercapacitors, conventional capacitors and fuel cell. Among these, the supercapacitor is superior due to their remarkable properties of cyclic stability, safety, being environmental friendly, low cost etc. However, the supercapacitor is deficient in the amount of energy it can store compared to batteries and fuel cell.
So far, numerous type of carbon based electrode materials have been used for preparing supercapacitor like activated carbons, carbon aerogels, graphene, carbon nanotubes and so on due to their high surface area, cycle life, high electrical conductivity, and high power density. However, the carbon based electrode materials are lacking in ability to store high energy density. In order to improve the energy density without losing their power density, the carbon based electrode material has been modified to include composites with noble materials like metal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4, NiO etc.,), metal sulphate (NiS, NiCo2S4, Co3S4 etc.,) and conducting polymers ((PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PT), Poly (3, 4-ethyelenedioxythiophene, etc.,) (PEDOT)). In this chapter, we present a detailed discussion on the advances made in the carbon based electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Finally, we end the chapter with conclusion and prospects for future development of carbon based electrode materials. With this, we hope that the reader will get updated information on the new carbon based electrode materials that have arrived for supercapacitor applications and also new insights to this topic.
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