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EBOOK - Heat Exchangers - Design, Experiment and Simulation - Full Edition (S M Sohel Murshed & Manuel Luis Matos Lopes)
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EBOOK - Bộ trao đổi nhiệt - Thiết kế, thí nghiệm và mô phỏng (S M Sohel Murshed & Manuel Luis Matos Lopes)
1. Introductory Chapter: An Overview of Design, Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Heat Exchangers
By S M Sohel Murshed and Manuel L Matos Lopes
2. Basic Design Methods of Heat Exchanger
By Cüneyt Ezgi
Heat exchangers are devices that transfer energy between fluids at different temperatures by heat transfer. These devices can be used widely both in daily life and industrial applications such as steam generators in thermal power plants, distillers in chemical industry, evaporators and condensers in HVAC applications and refrigeration process, heat sinks, automobile radiators and regenerators in gas turbine engines. This chapter discusses the basic design methods for two fluid heat exchangers.
3. Design of Heat Transfer Surfaces in Agitated Vessels
By Vitor da Silva Rosa and Deovaldo de Moraes Júnior
The project on heat transfer surfaces in agitated vessels is based on the determination of the heat exchange area, which is necessary to abide by the process conditions as mixing quality and efficiency of heat transfer. The heat transfer area is determined from the overall heat transfer coefficient (U). The coefficient (U) represents the operation quality in heat transfers being a function of conduction and convection mechanisms. The determination of U is held from the Nusselt’s number, which is related to the dimensionless Reynolds and Prandtl’s, and from the fluid’s viscosity relation that is being agitated in the bulk temperature and the viscosity in the wall’s temperature of heat exchange. The aim of this chapter is to present a summary for the literature concerning heat transfer in agitated vessels (equipped with jackets, helical coils, spiral coils, and vertical tube baffles) and also the many parameters of Nusselt’s equation for these surfaces. It will present a numerical example for a project in an agitated vessel using vertical tube baffles and a 45° pitched blade turbine. Subsequently, the same procedure is held with a turbine radial impeller, in order to compare the heat transfer efficiencies.
4. Heat Exchanger Design with Topology Optimization
By Mark Christian E. Manuel and Po Ting Lin
Topology optimization is proving to be a valuable design tool for physical systems, especially for structural systems. However, its application in the field of heat transfer is less evident but is constantly progressing. In this chapter, we would like to introduce topology optimization in the context of heat exchanger design to the general reader. We also provide a chronological review of available literature to see the current progress of topology optimization in the field of heat transfer and heat exchanger design. We expect that topology optimization will prove to be a valuable tool in heat exchanger design for the coming years.
5. A Multi-Period Synthesis Approach to Designing Flexible Heat- Exchanger Networks
By Adeniyi Jide Isafiade and Alireza Bahadori
This chapter presents a new synthesis method for designing flexible heat-exchanger networks. The methodology used involves a two-step approach: In the first step, a multi-period network is designed for a large number of critical operating periods using a finite set of operating points which lie within the uncertain parameter range, while considering the impact of potential fluctuations in periodic durations of each of the chosen critical points on the network. In the second step, the flexibility of the resulting multi-period network of the first step is tested using very large, randomly generated set of finite potential operating points together with their periodic durations. The key criteria used in determining the finite set of operating points that would participate in the initial multi-period network synthesis of the first step are the nominal operating points, the extreme operating points in terms of heat-load requirements as well as their length of periods. This implies that the resulting flexible network can feasibly transfer heat irrespective of possible fluctuations in periodic durations for any of the potential process-operating points. The solutions obtained using the new approach compare favourably with those in the literature.
6. Basic Aspects of Gas Turbine Heat Transfer
By Shailendra Naik
The use of gas turbines for power generation and electricity production in both single cycle and combined cycle plant operation is extensive and will continue to globally grow into the future. Due to its high power density and ability to convert gaseous and liquid fuel into mechanical work with very high thermodynamic efficiencies, significant efforts continue today to further increase both the power output and thermodynamic efficiencies of the gas turbine. In particular, the aerothermal design of gas turbine components has progressed at a rapid pace in the last decade with all gas turbine manufacturers, in order to achieve higher thermodynamic efficiencies. This has been achieved by using higher turbine inlet temperatures and pressures, advanced turbine aerodynamics and efficient cooling systems of turbine airofoils, and advanced high temperature alloys, metallic coatings, and ceramic thermal barrier coatings. In this chapter, issues related to the thermal design of gas turbine blades are highlighted and several heat transfer technologies are examined, such as convective cooling, impingement cooling, film cooling, and application of thermal barrier coatings. Typical methods for validating the thermal designs of gas turbine airofoils are also outlined.
7. Direct-Contact Heat Exchanger
By Hua Wang, Qingtai Xiao and Jianxin Xu
Direct-contact heat transfer involves the exchange of heat between two immiscible fluids by bringing them into contact at different temperatures. There are two basic bubbling regimes in direct-contact heat exchanger: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Industrially, however, the homogeneous bubbling regime is less likely to prevail, owing to the high gas flow rates employed. The mixture homogeneity and the non-homogeneity of the mixture can be characterized by the Betti numbers and the mixing time can be estimated relying on image analysis and statistics in a direct-contact heat exchanger. To accurately investigate the space-time features of the mixing process in a direct contact heat exchanger, the uniformity coefficient method based on discrepancy theory for assessing the mixing time of bubbles behind the viewing windows is effective. Hence, the complexity of the bubble swarm patterns can be reduced and their mechanisms clarified, and the heat transfer performance in a direct-contact heat exchanger can be elucidated.
8. Measurement of Transient Fluid Temperature in the Heat Exchangers
By Magdalena Jaremkiewicz
In the chapter, a method for measuring the transient temperature of the flowing fluid based on time temperature changes of the thermometer is described. In the presented method, the thermometer is considered as an inertial system of first and second order. To reduce the influence of random errors in the temperature measurement, the local polynomial approximation based on nine points is used. As a result, the first and second derivatives of a temperature, which indicate how the temperature of the thermometer varies over time, are determined very accurately. Next, the time constant is defined as a function of fluid velocity for sheathed thermocouples with different diameters. The applicability of the presented method is demonstrated on real data in the experiment. The air temperature is estimated from measurements carried out by the three thermocouples having different outer diameters when the air velocity varied in time. A comparison of the computed temperatures of air gives confidence to the accuracy of the presented method. The method presented in this chapter for measuring the transient temperature of the fluid can be used for the online monitoring of fluid temperature change with time.
9. Transient Effectiveness Methods for the Dynamic Characterization of Heat Exchangers
By Tianyi Gao, Bahgat Sammakia and James Geer
This chapter introduces transient effectiveness methods for dynamic characterization of heat exchangers. The chapter provides a detailed description and review of the transient effectiveness methodology. In this chapter, all the transient effectiveness–related knowledge/works are summarized. The goal of this chapter is to provide a thorough understanding of the transient effectiveness for the reader and to provide guidance for utilizing this methodology in related heat exchanger transient characterization studies. Basically, there are three important applications for transient effectiveness methodology: (1) characterization of heat exchanger dynamic behaviors; (2) characterization of the transient response of closed-coupled cooling/heating systems with multiple heat exchanger units; and (3) development of compact transient heat exchanger models. This innovative modeling method can be used to assist in the development of physics-based predictive, capabilities, performance metrics, and design guidelines, which are important for the design and operation of highly reliable and energy efficient mechanical systems using heat exchangers.
10. Unsteady Mixed Convection from Two Isothermal Semicircular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement
By Erick Salcedo, César Treviño, Juan C. Cajas and Lorenzo Martínez- Suástegui
In this chapter, two-dimensional mixed convection heat transfer in a laminar cross-flow from two heated isothermal semicircular cylinders in tandem arrangement with their curved surfaces facing the oncoming flow and confined in a channel is studied numerically. The governing equations are solved using the control-volume method on a nonuniform orthogonal Cartesian grid. Using the immersed-boundary method for fixed Reynolds number of ReD=uDD/υ=200, Prandtl number of Pr=7, blockage ratio of BR=D/H = 0.2 and nondimensional pitch ratio of σ=L/D=3, the influence of buoyancy and the confinement effect are studied for Richardson numbers in the range −1≤Ri≤1. Here, uD is the average longitudinal velocity based on the diameter of the semicylinder. The variation of the mean and instantaneous nondimensional velocity, vorticity and temperature distributions with Richardson number is presented along with the nondimensional oscillation frequencies (Strouhal numbers) and phase-space portraits of flow oscillation from each semicylinder. In addition, local and averaged Nusselt numbers over the surface of the semicylinders are also obtained. The results presented herein demonstrate how the buoyancy and wall confinement affect the wake structure, vortex dynamics and heat transfer characteristics.
11. Computational Modeling of Vehicle Radiators Using Porous Medium Approach
By Barbaros Çetin, Kadir G. Güler and Mehmet Haluk Aksel
A common tool for the determination of thermal characteristics of vehicle radiators is the experimental testing. However, experimental testing may not be feasible considering the cost and labor-time. Basic understanding of the past experimental data and analytical/computational modeling can significantly enhance the effectiveness of the design and development phase. One such computational modeling technique is the utilization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to predict the thermal characteristics of a vehicle radiator. However, CFD models are also not suitable to be used as a design tool since considerable amount of computational power and time is required due to the multiple length scales involved in the problem, especially the small-scale geometric details associated with the fins. Although fins introduce a significant complexity for the problem, the repetitive and/or regular structure of the fins enables the porous medium based modeling. By porous modeling, a memory and time efficient computational model can be developed and implemented as an efficient design tool for radiators. In this work, a computational methodology is described to obtain the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of a vehicle radiator. Although the proposed methodology is discussed in the context of a vehicle radiator, the proposed methodology can be implemented to any compact heat exchanger with repetitive fin structures which is an important problem for many industrial applications.
LINK 3 - TÌM KIẾM SÁCH/TÀI LIỆU ONLINE (GIÁ ƯU ĐÃI NHẤT)
LINK 4 - TÌM KIẾM SÁCH/TÀI LIỆU ONLINE (GIÁ ƯU ĐÃI NHẤT)
EBOOK - Heat Exchangers - Design, Experiment and Simulation - 1st Edition (S M Sohel Murshed & Manuel Luis Matos Lopes) 2017.
EBOOK - Bộ trao đổi nhiệt - Thiết kế, thí nghiệm và mô phỏng (S M Sohel Murshed & Manuel Luis Matos Lopes)
1. Introductory Chapter: An Overview of Design, Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Heat Exchangers
By S M Sohel Murshed and Manuel L Matos Lopes
2. Basic Design Methods of Heat Exchanger
By Cüneyt Ezgi
Heat exchangers are devices that transfer energy between fluids at different temperatures by heat transfer. These devices can be used widely both in daily life and industrial applications such as steam generators in thermal power plants, distillers in chemical industry, evaporators and condensers in HVAC applications and refrigeration process, heat sinks, automobile radiators and regenerators in gas turbine engines. This chapter discusses the basic design methods for two fluid heat exchangers.
3. Design of Heat Transfer Surfaces in Agitated Vessels
By Vitor da Silva Rosa and Deovaldo de Moraes Júnior
The project on heat transfer surfaces in agitated vessels is based on the determination of the heat exchange area, which is necessary to abide by the process conditions as mixing quality and efficiency of heat transfer. The heat transfer area is determined from the overall heat transfer coefficient (U). The coefficient (U) represents the operation quality in heat transfers being a function of conduction and convection mechanisms. The determination of U is held from the Nusselt’s number, which is related to the dimensionless Reynolds and Prandtl’s, and from the fluid’s viscosity relation that is being agitated in the bulk temperature and the viscosity in the wall’s temperature of heat exchange. The aim of this chapter is to present a summary for the literature concerning heat transfer in agitated vessels (equipped with jackets, helical coils, spiral coils, and vertical tube baffles) and also the many parameters of Nusselt’s equation for these surfaces. It will present a numerical example for a project in an agitated vessel using vertical tube baffles and a 45° pitched blade turbine. Subsequently, the same procedure is held with a turbine radial impeller, in order to compare the heat transfer efficiencies.
4. Heat Exchanger Design with Topology Optimization
By Mark Christian E. Manuel and Po Ting Lin
Topology optimization is proving to be a valuable design tool for physical systems, especially for structural systems. However, its application in the field of heat transfer is less evident but is constantly progressing. In this chapter, we would like to introduce topology optimization in the context of heat exchanger design to the general reader. We also provide a chronological review of available literature to see the current progress of topology optimization in the field of heat transfer and heat exchanger design. We expect that topology optimization will prove to be a valuable tool in heat exchanger design for the coming years.
5. A Multi-Period Synthesis Approach to Designing Flexible Heat- Exchanger Networks
By Adeniyi Jide Isafiade and Alireza Bahadori
This chapter presents a new synthesis method for designing flexible heat-exchanger networks. The methodology used involves a two-step approach: In the first step, a multi-period network is designed for a large number of critical operating periods using a finite set of operating points which lie within the uncertain parameter range, while considering the impact of potential fluctuations in periodic durations of each of the chosen critical points on the network. In the second step, the flexibility of the resulting multi-period network of the first step is tested using very large, randomly generated set of finite potential operating points together with their periodic durations. The key criteria used in determining the finite set of operating points that would participate in the initial multi-period network synthesis of the first step are the nominal operating points, the extreme operating points in terms of heat-load requirements as well as their length of periods. This implies that the resulting flexible network can feasibly transfer heat irrespective of possible fluctuations in periodic durations for any of the potential process-operating points. The solutions obtained using the new approach compare favourably with those in the literature.
6. Basic Aspects of Gas Turbine Heat Transfer
By Shailendra Naik
The use of gas turbines for power generation and electricity production in both single cycle and combined cycle plant operation is extensive and will continue to globally grow into the future. Due to its high power density and ability to convert gaseous and liquid fuel into mechanical work with very high thermodynamic efficiencies, significant efforts continue today to further increase both the power output and thermodynamic efficiencies of the gas turbine. In particular, the aerothermal design of gas turbine components has progressed at a rapid pace in the last decade with all gas turbine manufacturers, in order to achieve higher thermodynamic efficiencies. This has been achieved by using higher turbine inlet temperatures and pressures, advanced turbine aerodynamics and efficient cooling systems of turbine airofoils, and advanced high temperature alloys, metallic coatings, and ceramic thermal barrier coatings. In this chapter, issues related to the thermal design of gas turbine blades are highlighted and several heat transfer technologies are examined, such as convective cooling, impingement cooling, film cooling, and application of thermal barrier coatings. Typical methods for validating the thermal designs of gas turbine airofoils are also outlined.
7. Direct-Contact Heat Exchanger
By Hua Wang, Qingtai Xiao and Jianxin Xu
Direct-contact heat transfer involves the exchange of heat between two immiscible fluids by bringing them into contact at different temperatures. There are two basic bubbling regimes in direct-contact heat exchanger: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Industrially, however, the homogeneous bubbling regime is less likely to prevail, owing to the high gas flow rates employed. The mixture homogeneity and the non-homogeneity of the mixture can be characterized by the Betti numbers and the mixing time can be estimated relying on image analysis and statistics in a direct-contact heat exchanger. To accurately investigate the space-time features of the mixing process in a direct contact heat exchanger, the uniformity coefficient method based on discrepancy theory for assessing the mixing time of bubbles behind the viewing windows is effective. Hence, the complexity of the bubble swarm patterns can be reduced and their mechanisms clarified, and the heat transfer performance in a direct-contact heat exchanger can be elucidated.
8. Measurement of Transient Fluid Temperature in the Heat Exchangers
By Magdalena Jaremkiewicz
In the chapter, a method for measuring the transient temperature of the flowing fluid based on time temperature changes of the thermometer is described. In the presented method, the thermometer is considered as an inertial system of first and second order. To reduce the influence of random errors in the temperature measurement, the local polynomial approximation based on nine points is used. As a result, the first and second derivatives of a temperature, which indicate how the temperature of the thermometer varies over time, are determined very accurately. Next, the time constant is defined as a function of fluid velocity for sheathed thermocouples with different diameters. The applicability of the presented method is demonstrated on real data in the experiment. The air temperature is estimated from measurements carried out by the three thermocouples having different outer diameters when the air velocity varied in time. A comparison of the computed temperatures of air gives confidence to the accuracy of the presented method. The method presented in this chapter for measuring the transient temperature of the fluid can be used for the online monitoring of fluid temperature change with time.
9. Transient Effectiveness Methods for the Dynamic Characterization of Heat Exchangers
By Tianyi Gao, Bahgat Sammakia and James Geer
This chapter introduces transient effectiveness methods for dynamic characterization of heat exchangers. The chapter provides a detailed description and review of the transient effectiveness methodology. In this chapter, all the transient effectiveness–related knowledge/works are summarized. The goal of this chapter is to provide a thorough understanding of the transient effectiveness for the reader and to provide guidance for utilizing this methodology in related heat exchanger transient characterization studies. Basically, there are three important applications for transient effectiveness methodology: (1) characterization of heat exchanger dynamic behaviors; (2) characterization of the transient response of closed-coupled cooling/heating systems with multiple heat exchanger units; and (3) development of compact transient heat exchanger models. This innovative modeling method can be used to assist in the development of physics-based predictive, capabilities, performance metrics, and design guidelines, which are important for the design and operation of highly reliable and energy efficient mechanical systems using heat exchangers.
10. Unsteady Mixed Convection from Two Isothermal Semicircular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement
By Erick Salcedo, César Treviño, Juan C. Cajas and Lorenzo Martínez- Suástegui
In this chapter, two-dimensional mixed convection heat transfer in a laminar cross-flow from two heated isothermal semicircular cylinders in tandem arrangement with their curved surfaces facing the oncoming flow and confined in a channel is studied numerically. The governing equations are solved using the control-volume method on a nonuniform orthogonal Cartesian grid. Using the immersed-boundary method for fixed Reynolds number of ReD=uDD/υ=200, Prandtl number of Pr=7, blockage ratio of BR=D/H = 0.2 and nondimensional pitch ratio of σ=L/D=3, the influence of buoyancy and the confinement effect are studied for Richardson numbers in the range −1≤Ri≤1. Here, uD is the average longitudinal velocity based on the diameter of the semicylinder. The variation of the mean and instantaneous nondimensional velocity, vorticity and temperature distributions with Richardson number is presented along with the nondimensional oscillation frequencies (Strouhal numbers) and phase-space portraits of flow oscillation from each semicylinder. In addition, local and averaged Nusselt numbers over the surface of the semicylinders are also obtained. The results presented herein demonstrate how the buoyancy and wall confinement affect the wake structure, vortex dynamics and heat transfer characteristics.
11. Computational Modeling of Vehicle Radiators Using Porous Medium Approach
By Barbaros Çetin, Kadir G. Güler and Mehmet Haluk Aksel
A common tool for the determination of thermal characteristics of vehicle radiators is the experimental testing. However, experimental testing may not be feasible considering the cost and labor-time. Basic understanding of the past experimental data and analytical/computational modeling can significantly enhance the effectiveness of the design and development phase. One such computational modeling technique is the utilization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to predict the thermal characteristics of a vehicle radiator. However, CFD models are also not suitable to be used as a design tool since considerable amount of computational power and time is required due to the multiple length scales involved in the problem, especially the small-scale geometric details associated with the fins. Although fins introduce a significant complexity for the problem, the repetitive and/or regular structure of the fins enables the porous medium based modeling. By porous modeling, a memory and time efficient computational model can be developed and implemented as an efficient design tool for radiators. In this work, a computational methodology is described to obtain the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of a vehicle radiator. Although the proposed methodology is discussed in the context of a vehicle radiator, the proposed methodology can be implemented to any compact heat exchanger with repetitive fin structures which is an important problem for many industrial applications.
LINK 3 - TÌM KIẾM SÁCH/TÀI LIỆU ONLINE (GIÁ ƯU ĐÃI NHẤT)
LINK 4 - TÌM KIẾM SÁCH/TÀI LIỆU ONLINE (GIÁ ƯU ĐÃI NHẤT)
EBOOK - Heat Exchangers - Design, Experiment and Simulation - 1st Edition (S M Sohel Murshed & Manuel Luis Matos Lopes) 2017.
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