EBOOK - Essays on the History of Mechanical Engineering (Francesco Sorge & Giuseppe Genchi)

The twelfth PC Workshop on the History of Mechanism and Machine Science (MMS) was held at the Polytechnic School of the University of Palermo, Italy, in November 21–22, 2013, under the patronage of the IFToMM. It was organized by Profs. Marco Ceccarelli, Francesco Sorge, Marco Cammalleri, and Giuseppe Genchi and was hosted inside the Museum of Engines and Mechanisms of the University of Palermo, whose director and chief manager, F. Sorge and G. Genchi, respectively, are the editors of this book.
All workshops of the IFToMM Permanent Commission for the History of Mechanism and Machine Science are organized as limited-circle meetings with the aim of promoting the presentation of unpublished material and stimulating new interest in various historical developments in the fields of Mechanism and Machine Science.

They want to open debates on many aspects associated with the birth and growth of mechanisms and machines from antiquity up to the present day: kinematics, dynamics, design methods, collections of models, teaching aids, historical biographies, individuals, institutions, etc. Thefirst of these workshops was held in Admont, Austria, in 2002, and was followed nearly annually by eleven further meetings with parallel objectives. The focus of the 2013 HMMS Workshop in Palermo was, in particular, on the European History of Mechanism and Machine Science.
The idea of the present book originated after the workshop out of the desire to give a complete and extensive form to the abstracts that were proposed on that occasion. Most of these abstracts were turned into extended papers by the attending authors, collecting the information given in their oral presentations and enriching their work with new data and results from the ensuing historical researches.
After acceptance from a review process, the extended papers were then distributed into separated parts of the book, collecting them in accordance with their themes, in which each paper constitutes, in practice, a chapter of the book and each section refers to a particular aspect of the history of mechanisms and machines.

• Part I is dedicated to several eminent scientists of the past, whose individual contributions may be considered as milestones in the history of MMS. In particular, this part offers a deep insight into certain advancements brought to scientific knowledge by renowned scholars such as Lagrange, Borgnis, Reuleaux, Ovazza and Frolov.
• Part II illustrates relevant aspects of the wide industrial development that has so deeply been involved in European civil life during the last two centuries.
In particular, very interesting chapters are presented on various types of ancient mill installation in Abruzzo and Tuscany in Central Italy; on the sulfur mining industry of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Sicily; on the aviation industry in Romania at the beginning of the twentieth century; on the industrial progress in Southern Italy before the unification of the Kingdom of Italy and in Northern Italy before and after the unification.
• Part III concerns the history of machinery forfixed and moving application, and the history of transport in general. It addresses the pioneering development of technology in the field of motors and transport, and presents, in respective chapters: the collection of the Museum of Engines and Mechanisms of Palermo; the history of an ancient Spanish railway; and the devising of the first airships of the nineteenth century.
• Part IV is dedicated to human creativity in thefield of mechanical and scientific devices, starting from ancient times up to the last century.
The subjects cover machines built during the Renaissance on the basis of ancient designs of the Roman period; the bellows devices operated by falling water in use in the forges of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance; pendulum clock development through the centuries; the screw pumps conceived in Central Italy by Guido Ubaldo Del Monte at the dawn of the Renaissance; and the progress in the measurement methods for the shaft torsional stress state.
• Part V deals with several ingenious machines dating from the remote and recent past, all designed with the aim of relieving or replacing human manual work or setting in motion very huge structures. Starting from antiquity, very heavy carts are described in detail, together with their construction technique, the so-called Rathams or Thers, which were brought in procession by human and animal
traction in ancient India.
Moreover, operation of an automaton of the Hellenistic period is analyzed, which moved up and down upon a procession cart and had to be probably actuated by special mechanisms.
Lastly, a survey is given on the history of robots in general, including some recent examples that were devised and built at the Polytechnic University of Milan near the end of the last century and are now exhibited in the Museum Leonardo da Vinci in Milan.

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The twelfth PC Workshop on the History of Mechanism and Machine Science (MMS) was held at the Polytechnic School of the University of Palermo, Italy, in November 21–22, 2013, under the patronage of the IFToMM. It was organized by Profs. Marco Ceccarelli, Francesco Sorge, Marco Cammalleri, and Giuseppe Genchi and was hosted inside the Museum of Engines and Mechanisms of the University of Palermo, whose director and chief manager, F. Sorge and G. Genchi, respectively, are the editors of this book.
All workshops of the IFToMM Permanent Commission for the History of Mechanism and Machine Science are organized as limited-circle meetings with the aim of promoting the presentation of unpublished material and stimulating new interest in various historical developments in the fields of Mechanism and Machine Science.

They want to open debates on many aspects associated with the birth and growth of mechanisms and machines from antiquity up to the present day: kinematics, dynamics, design methods, collections of models, teaching aids, historical biographies, individuals, institutions, etc. Thefirst of these workshops was held in Admont, Austria, in 2002, and was followed nearly annually by eleven further meetings with parallel objectives. The focus of the 2013 HMMS Workshop in Palermo was, in particular, on the European History of Mechanism and Machine Science.
The idea of the present book originated after the workshop out of the desire to give a complete and extensive form to the abstracts that were proposed on that occasion. Most of these abstracts were turned into extended papers by the attending authors, collecting the information given in their oral presentations and enriching their work with new data and results from the ensuing historical researches.
After acceptance from a review process, the extended papers were then distributed into separated parts of the book, collecting them in accordance with their themes, in which each paper constitutes, in practice, a chapter of the book and each section refers to a particular aspect of the history of mechanisms and machines.

• Part I is dedicated to several eminent scientists of the past, whose individual contributions may be considered as milestones in the history of MMS. In particular, this part offers a deep insight into certain advancements brought to scientific knowledge by renowned scholars such as Lagrange, Borgnis, Reuleaux, Ovazza and Frolov.
• Part II illustrates relevant aspects of the wide industrial development that has so deeply been involved in European civil life during the last two centuries.
In particular, very interesting chapters are presented on various types of ancient mill installation in Abruzzo and Tuscany in Central Italy; on the sulfur mining industry of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Sicily; on the aviation industry in Romania at the beginning of the twentieth century; on the industrial progress in Southern Italy before the unification of the Kingdom of Italy and in Northern Italy before and after the unification.
• Part III concerns the history of machinery forfixed and moving application, and the history of transport in general. It addresses the pioneering development of technology in the field of motors and transport, and presents, in respective chapters: the collection of the Museum of Engines and Mechanisms of Palermo; the history of an ancient Spanish railway; and the devising of the first airships of the nineteenth century.
• Part IV is dedicated to human creativity in thefield of mechanical and scientific devices, starting from ancient times up to the last century.
The subjects cover machines built during the Renaissance on the basis of ancient designs of the Roman period; the bellows devices operated by falling water in use in the forges of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance; pendulum clock development through the centuries; the screw pumps conceived in Central Italy by Guido Ubaldo Del Monte at the dawn of the Renaissance; and the progress in the measurement methods for the shaft torsional stress state.
• Part V deals with several ingenious machines dating from the remote and recent past, all designed with the aim of relieving or replacing human manual work or setting in motion very huge structures. Starting from antiquity, very heavy carts are described in detail, together with their construction technique, the so-called Rathams or Thers, which were brought in procession by human and animal
traction in ancient India.
Moreover, operation of an automaton of the Hellenistic period is analyzed, which moved up and down upon a procession cart and had to be probably actuated by special mechanisms.
Lastly, a survey is given on the history of robots in general, including some recent examples that were devised and built at the Polytechnic University of Milan near the end of the last century and are now exhibited in the Museum Leonardo da Vinci in Milan.

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Chuyên mục: C. Bài giảng C. Bài giảng chuyên ngành Cơ khí - Chế tạo máy (Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering) C. Bài giảng kỹ thuật