Tổng hợp các từ viết tắt tiếng anh trong mạch điện - điện tử
Trong quá trình học tập sửa chữa mạch điện tử chắc hẳn đã có lần bạn thắc mắc về những ký hiệu điện tử mang ý nghĩa gì đúng không. Thậm chí với nhiều người sau nhiều năm dù đã quen mặt với ký hiệu nhưng không biết ký hiệu ấy thể hiện cho điều gì, xuất phát từ từ tiếng anh gì. Trong bài viết này, Ebookbkmt sẽ giúp các bạn tổng hợp lại những từ viết tắt trong sơ đồ mạch điện và ký hiệu trong ngành điện tử mà bạn nên biết (Các bạn sử dụng tổ hợp phí Ctrl + F để dễ dàng tìm kiếm)
Các từ ngữ viết tắt thường gặp trong sơ đồ mạch điện
FM _ Frequency Modulation : Điều chế tần số.
AC _ Alterating Current : Dòng điện xoay chiều.
DC _ Direct Current : Dòng điện một chiều.
FCO _ Fuse Cut Out : Cầu chì tự rơi
LBFOC _ Load Breaker Fuse Cut Out : Cầu chì tự rơi có cắt tải
CB _ Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt.
ACB _ Air Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt không khí
MCCB _ Moduled Case Circuit Breaker : Aptomat kiểu khối có dòng cắt > 100A
MCB _ Miniature Circuit Breaker : Bộ ngắt mạch thu nhỏ
VCB _ Vacuum Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt chân không.
RCD _ Residual Current Device : Thiết bị chống rò rỉ điện
DF : Distortion Factor : hệ số méo dạng
THD : Total Harmonic Distortion : Độ méo dạng tổng do sóng hài
Ngoài ra còn 1 số ký hiệu là viết tắt bởi các từ tiếng anh, nếu bạn gặp phải thì có thể sử dụng google dịch để tra nghĩa cụ thể hơn:
Ký hiệu điện tử viết tắt bằng tiếng anh
VBAT. - Volt Battery
VCHG. - Volt Charging
VPH-PWR. - Volt Phone Power
UIM. - Sim
HSED. - Head Phone Switch
MIC. - Microphone
HPH L/R. - Head Phone Speaker Left/Right
BT. - Bluetooth
VIB. - Vibrator
GPIO. - Gereral Purpose Input Output
MIPI. - Mobile Industory Processor Interface
DSI. - Display Serial Interface
CSI. - Camera Serial Interface
EARP/EARN. - Earpiece
CAM/VCM. - Camera / Video Camera
MCAM. - Main Camera
SCAM. - Slave Camera
TP. - Touch/Test Point
TF. - Sd card
VPROC. - Processor Voltage
VCORE. -Chip Digiral Core Voltage
ROM. - Read Only Memory
RAM. - Random Only Memory
SRAM. - Static Random Access Memory
SDRAM. - Synchronus Dynamic Random Access Memory
VREG. - Regularor Voltage
VREGS. - Switching Regulator Voltage
VREGL. - Linear Regulater Voltage
LDO. - Low Dropout
DAC. - Digital To Analog Converter
ADC. - Analog To Digital Converter
SMSP. - Switch Mode Power Supply
HS. - Ear Speaker
USB. - Universal Service Bus
DP. - Data Plus (+)
DM. - Data Minus (-)
SIM. - Subscriber Identy Module
NFC. - Near Field Communication
RTC. - Real Time Clock
COMP. - Complement
CTRL. - Control
EN. - Enable
PWM. - Pulse Width Modulation
CABC. - Content Adaptive Backlight Control
CSI. - Camera Serial Interface
DSI. - Display Serial Interface
MIPI. - Mobile Industry Processor Interface
CMOS. - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
BSI. - Battery Status Indicator
PCB. - Printed Circuit Board
ESD. - Electrostatic Discharge
EMI. - Electromagnetic Demodulation
SAW. - Surface Acoustic Wave
BB. - Baseband
ANT. - Antenna
RX. - Receive
AC. - Alternative Current
DC. - Direct Current
C. - Capacitor
R. - Resistor
D. - Diode
ZD. - Zener Diode
LDR. - Light Dependent Resistor
LED. - Light Emitting Diode
OLED. - Organic Light Emitting Diode
AMOLED. - Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode
L. - Coil
LB. - Ferrite Bead Coil
Q. - Transistor
SOT. - Small Outline Transistor
FET. - Field Effect Transistor
MOSFET. - Metal Oxite Semiconductor field Effect Transistor
BJT. - Bipolar Junction Transistor
UJT. - Unipolar Junction Transistor
VCDT. - Volt Charging Detect
CHRLDO. - Charging Linear Power Supply
ISENSE. - Charging Current Detection Input
INT. - Interrupt
GND. - Ground
NC. - Not Connect
TCXO. - Temperature Compensated Osillator
SDA. - Serial Data
SCL. - Serial Clock
RST. - Reset
SDIO. - Serial Data Input / Output
WIFI. - Wireless Fidelity
WLAN. - Wireless Local Area Network
DDR. - Double Data Rate
LPDDR. - Low Power Double Rate
IC. - Integrated Cicuit
EMMC. - Embedded Multimeda Card
PMU. - Power Management Unit
NTC. - negative temperature coefficient
Bảng ký hiệu theo thứ tự ABC...
A/D – Analog to Digital
AALC – Air Assisted Liquid Cooling
AAS – Advanced or Active Antenna System
AC – Alternating Current
AC/DC – Alternating Current to Direct Current (converter / power supply)
ACK – Acknowledgement
ACP – Average CPU Power
ACS – Active Current Sharing or American Chemical Society
ADC – Analog to Digital Converter
ADM – Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADSL – Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
AFU – Antenna Filter Unit
AGC – Automatic Gain Control
AGI – Artificial General Intelligence
AGV – Automated Guided Vehicle
AI – Artificial Intelligence
AISG – Antenna Interface Standards Group
AMC – Advanced Mezzanine Card
AMH – Automated Material Handling
AMP – Architects of Modern Power or Amplifier
AMR – Autonomous Mobile Robot
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
AOI – Automated Optical Inspection
AON – Active Optical Network
AP – Access Point
API – Application Programming Interface
APM – Advanced Power Management
APQT – Advanced Product Quality Planning
APT – Average Power Tracking
APU – Accelerated Processing Unit
AR – Augmented Reality
AS – Access Server
ART – Adaptive Ramp Time
ASCR – A Single Cycle Response (digital compensator)
ASIC – Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASIL – Automotive Safety Integrity Level
ASM – Advanced Sleep Mode
ASRS – Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems
ASSP – Application Specific Standard Product
ATCA – Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture
ATE – Automated Test Equipment
ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AVA – Analog Voltage Adjust
AVL – Approved Vendor List
AVS – Adaptive Voltage Scaling
AVSBus – Adaptive Voltage Scaling Bus
AWG – American Wire Gauge
AWS – Amazon Web Services
B
BBU – Baseband Unit or Battery Backup Unit
BEM – Boundary Element Method
BER – Bit Error Rate
BFN – Beam Forming Network
BGA – Ball Grid Array / solder Bump Grid Array
BJT – Bipolar Junction Transistor
BMC – Baseboard Management Controller
BMP – Board Mounted Power
BMPS – Board Mounted Power Supply
BMR – Board Mounted Regulator
BMS – Battery Management System
BoM – Bill of Materials
BSC – Base Station Controller
BSI – British Standards Institute
BSS – Base Station System
BTS – Base Transceiver Station
BW – Bandwidth
C
CA – Controller Assembly
CAD – Computer Aided Design
CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate
CAN – Controller Area Network (bus)
CAN FD – Controller Area Network Flexible Data-rate
CAS – Chemical Abstracts Service (number)
CAVs – Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
CB – Certification Body
CBC – Cycle By Cycle (protection)
CC – Constant Current
CCM – Continuous Conduction Mode
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
CDU – Coolant Distribution Unit
CE – Conformité Européenne (European Conformity) or Customer Edge
CEN – Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization)
CENELEC – Comité Européen de Normalisation Électrotechnique (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization)
CEM – Contract Electronics Manufacturer
CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFM – Cubic Feet per Minute (airflow)
CFP – Common FootPrint
CM – Common Mode (noise/choke)
CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMRR – Common Mode Rejection Ratio
CMRT – Conflict Minerals Reporting Template
CMTI – Common Mode Transient Immunity
CNN – Convolutional Neural Network
CoC – Certificate of Conformance
CoO – Country of Origin
COS – Continuity of Supply
COT – Constant On Time
COTS – Commercial Off The Shelf
CPA – Centralized Power Architecture
CPE – Customer Premises Equipment
CPO – Co-Packaged Optics
CPU – Central Processing Unit
CQC – China Quality Certification
CRAC – Computer Room Air Conditioner
CRAH – Computer Room Air Handler
C-RAN – Centralized Radio Access Network or Cloud Radio Access Network
CSA – Canadian Standards Association
CSP – Communication Service Provider
CSV – Comma Separated Values
CTBP – Control, Transport, Baseband & Power
CTI – Comparative Tracking Index
CTW – Cooling Tower Water
CU – Centralized Unit
CV – Constant Voltage
CWDM – Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
CXL – Compute eXpress Link
D
D2C – Direct to Chip (liquid cooling)
D-AMPS – Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System
D/A – Digital to Analog
DAC – Digital to Analog Converter
DAP – Delivered At Place
DAS – Distributed Antenna System
DBF – Digital Beam Forming
DBV – Dynamic Bus Voltage
DC – Direct Current
DC/AC – Direct Current to Alternating Current (inverter)
DC/DC – Direct Current to Direct Current (converter)
DCIM – Data Center Infrastructure Management
DCL – Decision Logic or Data Control Language
DCM – Discontinuous Conduction Mode
DCR – Direct Current Resistance (measurement)
DCS – Distributed Control System
DDP – Delivered Duty Paid
DDR – Double Data Rate (memory)
DFC – Direct Frequency Control
DFE – Design For the Environment
DFM – Design For Manufacturability
DFR – Design For Reliability
DFT – Design for Testability
DiCon – Direct Conversion
DIL – Dual InLine (package)
DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardisation)
DIP – Dual Inline Package
DL – Deep Learning
DLC – Dynamic Load Compensation or Direct Liquid Cooling
DLS – Droop Load Sharing
DMUX – Demultiplexer
DOSA – Distributed-power Open Standards Alliance
DOW – Date Of Withdrawal
DPA – Distributed Power Architecture
DPC – DIMMs Per Channel
DPD – Digital Pre-Distortion
DPM – Digital Power Management or Dynamic Power Management
DPoL – Digital Point of Load (converter)
DPWM – Digital Pulse Width Modulation or Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation
DPU – Data Processing Unit
DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory
DrMOS – Driver & MOSFET module
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM – Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSP – Digital Signal Processor
DTC – Direct to Chip (liquid cooling)
DTI – Distance Through Insulation
DTC – Direct Torque Control
DU – Distributed Unit
DUT – Device Under Test
DVFS – Dynamic Voltage & Frequency Scaling
DVS – Dynamic Voltage Scaling
DVT – Design Validation/Verification Testing
DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
E
E-mMIMO – Extreme-massive MIMO
E2E – End to End
EAR – Export Administration Regulations
EB – Eighth Brick
EBITDA – Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization
EC – Engineering Change or Edge Computing
ECA – Electronic Components Association
ECHA – European CHemicals Agency
ECIA – Electronic Components Inustry Association
ECN – Export Control Notice
ECCN – Export Control Classification Number
ECS – Environmental Control System
EDA – Electronic Design Automation
EDGE – Enhanced Data for Global Evolution
EDI – Electronic Data Interchange
EDP – Electrical Design Power or Excursion Design Power or Electronic Data Processing
EDR – Event Data Recorder ("black box")
EER – Envelope Elimination and Restoration
EFT – Electrical Fast Transient
EIA – Electronic Industries Association
ELFR – Early Life Failure Rate
ELV – Extra Low Voltage
EMAC – Ethernet Media Access Control (address)
eMBB – Enhanced Mobile BroadBand
EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMF – Electromotive Force or Field
EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
EMR – Electromagnetic Radiation
EMRT – Extended Minerals Reporting Template
EMS – Electronic Manufacturing Services
EN – Norme Européen (European Standard) or Engineering Note
eNB – Evolved NodeB
ENIG – Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold
EOL – End Of Life
EPC – Evolved Packet Core
EPG – Evolved Packet Gateway
EPON – Ethernet Passive Optical Network
EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EPU – Energy Processing Unit
ERF – Energy Reuse Factor
ERI – Early Return Index
ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning
ERTMS – European Rail Traffic Management System
ESD – Electrostatic Discharge
ESL – Equivalent Series Inductance
ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance
ESS – Environmental Stress Screening
ET – Envelope Tracking
ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival
ETCS – European Train Control System
ETD – Estimated Time of Departure
EUT – Equipment Under Test
EV – Electric Vehicle
EVDO – Evolution Data Optimized
EVT – Engineering Validation/Verification Testing
EXW – Ex Works
F
FAE – Field Application Engineer
FAI – First Article Inspection
FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions
FAR – Failure Analysis Report
FCA – Free Carrier
FCC – Federal Communications Commission
FDD – Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEA – Finite Element Analysis
FEM – Finite Element Method
FET – Field Effect Transistor
FFT – Fast Fourier Transform
FHA – Fundamental Harmonic Analysis
FIT – Failures In Time
FMD – Full Material Declaration
FMPS – Fault Managed Power System
FOB – Free On Board
FOD – Foreign Object Debris/Damage
FPD – Flex Power Designer
FPGA – Field Programmable Gate Array
FPM – Flex Power Modules
FRA – Fixed Radio Access
FRMCS – Future Railway Mobile Communication Systems
FRU – Field Replaceable Unit
FSC – Fan Speed Control
FTTx – Fiber To The "x" (Premise/Home/Building/Cabinet/Node etc.)
FWA – Fixed Wireless Access
FWS – Facility Water System
G
GaAs – Gallium Arsenide
GAM – Global Account Manager
GaN – Gallium Nitride
GCB – Group Communication Bus
GCM – Global Commodity Management
GCP – Google Cloud Platform
GDT – Gas Discharge Tube
GigE – Gigabit Ethernet
GMSL – Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link
gNB – Next Generation NodeB
GND – Ground
GNN – Graph Neural Network
GP-GPU – General Purpose Graphic Processing Unit
GPIB – General Purpose Interface Bus
GPIO – General Purpose Input/Output
GPON – Gigabit Passive Optical Network
GPP – General Purpose Processor
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
GPS – Global Positioning System
GPT – Generative Pretrained Transformer model
GPU – Graphic Processing Unit
GSA – Global mobile Suppliers Association
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM-R – Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway
GSMA – GSM Association
GUI – Graphical User Interface
GWP – Global Warming Potential
H
HALT – Highly Accelerated Life Testing
HASL – Hot Air Solder Level
HASS – Highly Accelerated Stress Screening
HAST – Highly Accelerated Stress Testing
HB – Half Brick
HBM – High Bandwidth Memory
HDR – High Data Rate
HEMT – High Electron Mobility Transistors
HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle
HMI – Human Machine Interface
HPC – High Performance Computing
HPDC – High Performance Data Center
HRR – Hybrid Regulated Ratio
HS – Harmonized System
HSC – Hybrid Switched Capacitor (topology)
HSDPA – High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSPA – High-Speed Packet Access
HTOL – High Temperature Operating Life
HTS – Harmonized Tariff Schedule
HTSL – High Temperature Storage Life
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HV – High Voltage
HVAC – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current (converter)
HW – Hardware
I
I/O – Input/Output
I2C – Inter-Integrated circuit Communication (bus)
I3C – Improved Inter-Integrated circuit Communication (bus)
IA – Intelligent Automation
IBA – Intermediate Bus Architecture
iBBU – Intelligent Baseband Unit
IBC – Intermediate Bus Converter
IBV – Intermediate Bus Voltage
IC – Integrated Circuit
ICT – Information and Communications Technology
IDC – Internet Data Center
IDM – Integrated Device Manufacturer
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
IEE – Institution of Electrical Engineers
IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
ICS – Industrial Control Systems
ICT – Information and Communication Technology
IDU – Indoor Unit
IGBT – Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
IHV – Independent Hardware Vendor
IoE – Internet of Everything
IoT – Internet of Things
IIoT – Industrial Internet of Things (Industry 4.0)
IMDS – International Material Data System
IMS – Insulated Metal Substrate or IP Multimedia Subsystem
IOR – Input-Output Ratio
IP – Internet Protocol or Intellectual Property or International Protection
IPMI – Intelligent Platform Management Interface
IPS – Integrated Power Stage or Systems
IPU – Image or Intelligence or Infrastructure Processing Unit
IR – Infrared (Reflow)
IRR – Initial Return Rate
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
ISP – Infrastructure Service Provider
ISV – Independent Software Vendor
ITAR – International Trade in Arms Regulations
ITU – International Telecommunication Network
IUCLID – International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database
J
JEDEC – Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council
JFET – Junction Field Effect Transistor
JIT – Just In Time
JTAG – Joint Test Action Group
K
KAM – Key Account Manager
L
L4S – Low Latency, Low Loss, Scalable Throughput
LAN – Local Area Network
LCC – Inductor-Capacitor-Capacitor (resonant converter)
LDMOS – Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor
LDO – Low Dropout (voltage regulator)
LFM – Linear Feet per Minute (airflow)
LGA – Land Grid Array
LGV – Laser Guided Vehicle
LLC – Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor (resonant converter)
LLM – Large Language Model
LNA – Low Noise Amplifier
LPF – Low Pass Filter
LPWA – Low Power Wide Area
LSB – Least Significant Bit
LTB – Last Time Buy
LTE – Long Term Evolution
LTE-A – LTE Advanced
LTE-M – LTE Machine (type communication)
LTRR – Long Term Return Rate
LTS – Last Time Ship
LVD – Low Voltage Directive
M
M2M – Machine to Machine
MAC – Media Access Control (address)
MBA – Multi Beam Antenna
MBB – Mobile Broadband
MBPA – Multi Beam Phased Array
MCM – Multi-Chip Module
MCU – Microcontroller Unit
MEC – Mobile Edge Computing
MEMS – Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems
MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
ML – Machine Learning
MLB – Multi Layer Board
MLCC – Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor
mMIMO – Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output
mMTC – Massive Machine Type Communication
mmW – Millimeter Wave
MNO – Mobile Network Operator
MOCN – Multi Operator Core Network
MOOP – Means Of Operator Protection
MOP – Means of Protection
MOPP – Means of Patient Protection
MOQ – Minimum Order Quantity
MOSFET – Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
MORAN – Multi Operator Radio Access Network
MOV – Metal Oxide Varistor
MP – Mass Production
MPC – Maximum Power Consumption
MPN – Manufacturing Part Number
MPQ – Minimum Package Quantity
MPU – Micro Processor Unit
MR – Mixed Reality
MRP – Materials Requirement Planning
MRT – Multi Resonant Topology
MSB – Most Significant Bit
MSC – Mobile Switching Center
MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
MSL – Moisture Sensitivity Level
MTA – Multi Tapped Autotransformer
MTBF – Mean Time Between Failures
MTTF – Mean Time To Failure
MTTR – Mean Time To Repair
MU-MIMO – Multi User MIMO
MUX – Multiplexer
MVNO – Mobile Virtual Network Operator
N
NACK – Negative Acknowledgement
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
NAT – Network Address Translation
NB-IoT – Narrow Band Internet of Things
NCNR – Non-Cancellable Non-Returnable
NDA – Non-Disclosure Agreement
NEBS – Network Equipment Building System
NEDA – National Electronic Distributors Association
NEMA – National Electronic Manufacturers Association
NFF – No Fault Found
NFV – Network Function Virtualization
NGMN – Next Generation Mobile Networks (alliance)
NIC – Network Interface Card
NLP – Natural Language Processing
NLR – Non-Linear Response
NLU – Natural Language Understanding
NPI – New Product Introduction
NPR – New Product Requirement
NPU – Neural Processing Unit or Network Processing Unit
NR – New Radio (5G) or Notch Resonance
NRE – Non-Recurring Engineering (charge)
NTC – Negative Temperature Coefficient
NVM – Non-Volatile Memory
NRND – Not Recommended for New Designs
NSA 5G – Non Stand Alone 5G
O
OADM – Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
OAI – Open Accelerator Infrastructure
OAM – OCP Accelerator Module
OBC – On Board Charger
OCP – Over Current Protection or Open Compute Project
OCV – Open Circuit Voltage
ODM – Original Design Manufacturer
ODSC – Outdoor Small Cell
ODU – Outdoor Unit or Open Distributed Unit
OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer
OES – Open Enterprise Server
OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OLT – Optical Line Termination
ONT – Optical Network Terminal
ORT – Ongoing Reliability Testing
ORU – Open Radio Unit
O-RAN – Open Radio Access Network (Alliance)
OT – Operational Technology
OTFS – Orthogonal Time Frequency & Space
OTP – Over Temperature Protection or One Time Programming
OVP – Over Voltage Protection
OXC – Optical cross-connect
P
PA – Power Amplifier
PAA – Phased Array Antenna
PAE – Power Added Efficiency
PAM – Power Amplifier Module
PAPR – Peak to Average Power Ratio
PBT – Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (chemicals)
PBX – Private Branch Exchange
PCB – Printed Circuit Board
PCBA – Printed Circuit Board Assembly
PCI – Peripheral Component Interface
PCIe – Peripheral Component Interface Express
PCN – Product Change Notification
PD – Powered Device
PDCP – Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDE – Partial Differential Equation
PDM – Pulse-Density Modulation
PDN – Product Discontinuation Notice or Power Distribution Network or Power Delivery Network or Packet Data Network
PDU – Power Distribution Unit
PE – Polyethylene
PEC – Packet Error Checking
PER – Packet Error Rate
PF – Power Factor
PFC – Power Factor Correction
PG – Power Good
PHY – Physical Layer
PID – Proportional Integral Derivative or Packet Identifier
PIM – Power Interface Module or Passive InterModulation
PIP – Pin-In-Paste (for reflow soldering through hole parts)
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller or Product Life Cycle or Power Line Communications
PLCM – Product Life Cycle Management
PLL – Phase Locked Loop
PMBus™ – Power Management Bus
PMIC – Power Management Integrated Circuit
PMU – Power Management Unit
PN – Product Notification
PO – Purchase Order
PoE – Power Over Ethernet
POEP – Power Over Ethernet Plus (PoE+)
POFV – Plated Over Filled Via
PoL – Point of Load (converter)
POLA – Point Of Load Alliance
PON – Passive Optical Network
PoP – Point of Presence
POTS – Plain Old Telephone Service
PPAP – Production Part Approval Process
PPE – Polyphenylene Ether
PPPoE – Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PR – Parallel Resonance
PRC – Parallel Resonant Converter
PRD – Product Requirement Document
PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory
PSA – Power Stamp Alliance
PSE – Power Sourcing Equipment
PSFB – Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge
PSL – Preferred Suppliers List
PSMP – Power Surface Multiplier Package
PSRR – Power Supply Rejection Ratio
PSU – Power Supply Unit
PTC – Positive Temperature Coefficient or Power Temperature Cycling
PTH – Plated Through Hole
PTP – Point To Point or Power, Thermal & Performance (sensors)
PTMP – Point To Multi Point
PUE – Power Usage Effectiveness
PV – Photovoltaic (inverter)
PVT – Production Validation/Verification Testing
PWB – Printed Wiring Board
PWBA – Printed Wiring Board Assembly
PWM – Pulse Width Modulation
Q
QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QB – Quarter Brick
QDR – Quad Data Rate
QFN – Quad Flat No-lead
QML – Qualified Manufacturers List
QMS – Quality Management System
QoS – Quality of Service
R
RAM – Random Access Memory
RAN – Radio Access Network
RBS – Radio Base Station
RC – Remote Control (on/off)
RCI – Rack Cooling Index
REACH – Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals
REF – Renewable Energy Factor
RET – Remote Electronic Tilt
RF – Radio Frequency
RFI – Radio Frequency Interference or Request For Information
RFP – Request For Proposal
RFPA – Radio Frequency Power Amplifier
RFQ – Request For Quotation
RGW – Radio Gateway
RH – Relative Humidity
RIC – RAN Intelligent Controller
RLC – Radio Link Control
RMA – Returned Material Authorization
RMS – Root Mean Square
RNC – Radio Network Controller
ROADM – Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
RoHS – Restriction of Hazardous Substances
ROM – Read Only Memory or Rough Order of Magnitude
RPA – Robotic Process Automation
RRC – Radio Resource Control
RRH – Remote Radio Head
RRU – Remote Radio Unit
RS – Recommended Standard (e.g. RS232, RS485 etc.)
RSM – Regional Sales Manager
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
RU – Radio Unit or Rack Unit
RX – Receive
S
S2S – Service to Service
SA – Serial Address or Standalone
SALERT – SMBus Alert
SAN – Storage Area Network
SB – Sixteenth Brick
SCADA – Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SCAR – Supplier Corrective Action Request
SCC – Switched Capacitance Converter or Short Circuit Current
SCIP – Substances of Concern In articles as such or in complex objects (Products)
SCL – Serial Clock Line
SCP – Short Circuit Protection
SCR – Silicon Controlled Rectifier
SCSI – Small Computer System Interface
SDA – Serial Data line
SDDC – Software Defined Data Center
SDH – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDN – Software Defined Networking
SDR – Single Data Rate
SELV – Safety Extra Low Voltage
SFOC – Sensorless Field Oriented Control
SI – Système International
SiC – Silicon Carbide
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
SIP – Single Inline Package or System In Package or Session Initiation Protocol
SKU – Stock Keeping Unit
SMA – Surface Mount Assembly
SMBus – System Management Bus
SMD – Surface Mount Device
SME – Small and Medium Enterprise
SMP – Surface Mount Package
SMPS – Switched Mode Power Supply
SMT – Surface Mount Technology
SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SOA – Safe Operating Area
SoC – System on Chip or Statement of Compliance
SOIC – Small Outline Integrated Circuit
SON – Self Organizing Network
SONET – Synchronous Optical Networking
SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface
SPQ – Standard Package Quantity
SPS – Standby Power Supply
SQL – Structured Query Language
SR – Series Resonance
SRAM – Static Random Access Memory
SRC – Series Resonant Converter
SRF – Series Resonant Frequency
SSD – Solid State Drive
STC – Switched Tank Capacitor
STEP – Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
SVHC – Substances of Very High Concern
SVID – Serial Voltage Identifier
SW – Software
SWaP-C – Size, Weight, Power and Cost
SWG – Standard Wire Gauge
T
T&R – Tape and Reel
TC – Temperature Cycling
TCE – Thermal Coefficient of Expansion
TCO – Total Cost of Ownership
TCP – Transport Control Protocol
TCS – Technology Cooling System
TD-SCDMA – Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
TDD – Time Division Duplex
TDM – Time Division Multiplex
TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
TDP – Thermal Design Power
TFR – Test For Reliability
TH – Through Hole
THB – Temperature Humidity Bias
THD – Total Harmonic Distortion
THT – Through Hole Technology
TIA – Telecommunications Industries Association
TIM – Thermal Interface Material
TIP – Telecom Infra Project
TLVR – Trans-Inductor Voltage Regulator
TMA – Tower Mounted Amplifier
TOBA – Telecom On-Board Architecture
TOR – Top Of Rack
TPP – Total Processor Performance
TPU – Tensor Processing Unit
TSCA – Toxic Substances Control Act
TSN – Time Sensitive Networking
TTL – Transistor Transistor Logic
TUV – Technischer Uberwachungs Verein
TVS – Transient Voltage Suppressor
TX – Transmit
U
UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UBB – Universal BaseBoard
UI – User Interface
UL – Underwriters Laboratories
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UPOE – Universal Power Over Ethernet (PoE++)
UPS – Uninterruptable Power Supply
uRLLC – Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
USB – Universal Serial Bus
UUT – Unit Under Test
UVLO – Under Voltage Lock Out
UVP – Under Voltage Protection
UX – User eXperience
V
VA – Virtual Assistant
vBBU – Virtual Baseband Unit
VCO – Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VCU – Video Coding Unit
VDC – Virtual Data Center or Volt Direct Current
VDE – Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker
VID – Voltage Identifier
VIPPO – Via in Pad Plated Over
VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
VGA – Variable Gain Amplifier
VLAN – Virtual Local Area Network
VoC – Verification of Conformity
VoIP – Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)
VoLTE – Voice over LTE
VoNR – Voice over New Radio
VPD – Vertical Power Delivery
VPN – Virtual Private Network
VPU – Vision Processing Unit
VPWR – Vertical Power
VQFN – Very thin Quad Flat No-lead
VR – Virtual Reality
V-RAN – Virtualized Radio Access Network
VRM – Voltage Regulator Module
VSD – Variable Speed Drive
W
WAN – Wide Area Network
WAP – Wireless Access Protocol
WBG – Wide Band Gap (semiconductor)
WCDMA – Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WFD – Waste Framework Directive
WFE – Wafer Fabrication Equipment
WEEE – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (directive)
WiMAX – Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
WIP – Work In Progress
WISP – Wireless Internet Service Provider
WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
WUE – Water Usage Effectiveness
X
xDSL – arbitrary Digital Subscriber Line (e.g. ADSL)
XML – EXtensible Markup Language
XPE – AMD-Xilinx Power Estimator
xPU – An all encompassing term for a portfolio of Processing Units (including CPU, GPU, IPU, TPU, VPU, FPGA and other accelerators)
XR – Extended Reality
Y
YRR – One Year Return Rate
Z
ZCS – Zero Current Switching
ZEV – Zero Emission Vehicle
ZIF – Zero Insertion Force
ZVS – Zero Voltage Switching
Other
1PIC – Single Phase Immersion Cooling
2G – Second Generation (GSM/D-AMPS/GPRS/EDGE)
2PIC – Two Phase Immersion Cooling
3D – 3 Dimensional
3E – Enhanced performance, Energy management, End-user value
3G – Third Generation (UMTS/CDMA2000/HSPA/HSPA+/EVDO)
3GPP – Third Generation Partnership Project
4G – Fourth Generation (LTE/LTE-A/LTE-Pro)
4PPOE – 4-Pair Power Over Ethernet
5G – Fifth Generation (NR)
8D – 8 Discipline (report)
µC – Microcontroller
µTCA - Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture
800 Electrical & Electronic Abbreviations with Full Forms. A-Z
Electronics & Electrical Abbreviations (Full)
Trong quá trình học tập sửa chữa mạch điện tử chắc hẳn đã có lần bạn thắc mắc về những ký hiệu điện tử mang ý nghĩa gì đúng không. Thậm chí với nhiều người sau nhiều năm dù đã quen mặt với ký hiệu nhưng không biết ký hiệu ấy thể hiện cho điều gì, xuất phát từ từ tiếng anh gì. Trong bài viết này, Ebookbkmt sẽ giúp các bạn tổng hợp lại những từ viết tắt trong sơ đồ mạch điện và ký hiệu trong ngành điện tử mà bạn nên biết (Các bạn sử dụng tổ hợp phí Ctrl + F để dễ dàng tìm kiếm)
Các từ ngữ viết tắt thường gặp trong sơ đồ mạch điện
FM _ Frequency Modulation : Điều chế tần số.
AC _ Alterating Current : Dòng điện xoay chiều.
DC _ Direct Current : Dòng điện một chiều.
FCO _ Fuse Cut Out : Cầu chì tự rơi
LBFOC _ Load Breaker Fuse Cut Out : Cầu chì tự rơi có cắt tải
CB _ Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt.
ACB _ Air Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt không khí
MCCB _ Moduled Case Circuit Breaker : Aptomat kiểu khối có dòng cắt > 100A
MCB _ Miniature Circuit Breaker : Bộ ngắt mạch thu nhỏ
VCB _ Vacuum Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt chân không.
RCD _ Residual Current Device : Thiết bị chống rò rỉ điện
DF : Distortion Factor : hệ số méo dạng
THD : Total Harmonic Distortion : Độ méo dạng tổng do sóng hài
Ngoài ra còn 1 số ký hiệu là viết tắt bởi các từ tiếng anh, nếu bạn gặp phải thì có thể sử dụng google dịch để tra nghĩa cụ thể hơn:
Ký hiệu điện tử viết tắt bằng tiếng anh
VBAT. - Volt Battery
VCHG. - Volt Charging
VPH-PWR. - Volt Phone Power
UIM. - Sim
HSED. - Head Phone Switch
MIC. - Microphone
HPH L/R. - Head Phone Speaker Left/Right
BT. - Bluetooth
VIB. - Vibrator
GPIO. - Gereral Purpose Input Output
MIPI. - Mobile Industory Processor Interface
DSI. - Display Serial Interface
CSI. - Camera Serial Interface
EARP/EARN. - Earpiece
CAM/VCM. - Camera / Video Camera
MCAM. - Main Camera
SCAM. - Slave Camera
TP. - Touch/Test Point
TF. - Sd card
VPROC. - Processor Voltage
VCORE. -Chip Digiral Core Voltage
ROM. - Read Only Memory
RAM. - Random Only Memory
SRAM. - Static Random Access Memory
SDRAM. - Synchronus Dynamic Random Access Memory
VREG. - Regularor Voltage
VREGS. - Switching Regulator Voltage
VREGL. - Linear Regulater Voltage
LDO. - Low Dropout
DAC. - Digital To Analog Converter
ADC. - Analog To Digital Converter
SMSP. - Switch Mode Power Supply
HS. - Ear Speaker
USB. - Universal Service Bus
DP. - Data Plus (+)
DM. - Data Minus (-)
SIM. - Subscriber Identy Module
NFC. - Near Field Communication
RTC. - Real Time Clock
COMP. - Complement
CTRL. - Control
EN. - Enable
PWM. - Pulse Width Modulation
CABC. - Content Adaptive Backlight Control
CSI. - Camera Serial Interface
DSI. - Display Serial Interface
MIPI. - Mobile Industry Processor Interface
CMOS. - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
BSI. - Battery Status Indicator
PCB. - Printed Circuit Board
ESD. - Electrostatic Discharge
EMI. - Electromagnetic Demodulation
SAW. - Surface Acoustic Wave
BB. - Baseband
ANT. - Antenna
RX. - Receive
AC. - Alternative Current
DC. - Direct Current
C. - Capacitor
R. - Resistor
D. - Diode
ZD. - Zener Diode
LDR. - Light Dependent Resistor
LED. - Light Emitting Diode
OLED. - Organic Light Emitting Diode
AMOLED. - Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode
L. - Coil
LB. - Ferrite Bead Coil
Q. - Transistor
SOT. - Small Outline Transistor
FET. - Field Effect Transistor
MOSFET. - Metal Oxite Semiconductor field Effect Transistor
BJT. - Bipolar Junction Transistor
UJT. - Unipolar Junction Transistor
VCDT. - Volt Charging Detect
CHRLDO. - Charging Linear Power Supply
ISENSE. - Charging Current Detection Input
INT. - Interrupt
GND. - Ground
NC. - Not Connect
TCXO. - Temperature Compensated Osillator
SDA. - Serial Data
SCL. - Serial Clock
RST. - Reset
SDIO. - Serial Data Input / Output
WIFI. - Wireless Fidelity
WLAN. - Wireless Local Area Network
DDR. - Double Data Rate
LPDDR. - Low Power Double Rate
IC. - Integrated Cicuit
EMMC. - Embedded Multimeda Card
PMU. - Power Management Unit
NTC. - negative temperature coefficient
Bảng ký hiệu theo thứ tự ABC...
A/D – Analog to Digital
AALC – Air Assisted Liquid Cooling
AAS – Advanced or Active Antenna System
AC – Alternating Current
AC/DC – Alternating Current to Direct Current (converter / power supply)
ACK – Acknowledgement
ACP – Average CPU Power
ACS – Active Current Sharing or American Chemical Society
ADC – Analog to Digital Converter
ADM – Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADSL – Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
AFU – Antenna Filter Unit
AGC – Automatic Gain Control
AGI – Artificial General Intelligence
AGV – Automated Guided Vehicle
AI – Artificial Intelligence
AISG – Antenna Interface Standards Group
AMC – Advanced Mezzanine Card
AMH – Automated Material Handling
AMP – Architects of Modern Power or Amplifier
AMR – Autonomous Mobile Robot
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
AOI – Automated Optical Inspection
AON – Active Optical Network
AP – Access Point
API – Application Programming Interface
APM – Advanced Power Management
APQT – Advanced Product Quality Planning
APT – Average Power Tracking
APU – Accelerated Processing Unit
AR – Augmented Reality
AS – Access Server
ART – Adaptive Ramp Time
ASCR – A Single Cycle Response (digital compensator)
ASIC – Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASIL – Automotive Safety Integrity Level
ASM – Advanced Sleep Mode
ASRS – Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems
ASSP – Application Specific Standard Product
ATCA – Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture
ATE – Automated Test Equipment
ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AVA – Analog Voltage Adjust
AVL – Approved Vendor List
AVS – Adaptive Voltage Scaling
AVSBus – Adaptive Voltage Scaling Bus
AWG – American Wire Gauge
AWS – Amazon Web Services
B
BBU – Baseband Unit or Battery Backup Unit
BEM – Boundary Element Method
BER – Bit Error Rate
BFN – Beam Forming Network
BGA – Ball Grid Array / solder Bump Grid Array
BJT – Bipolar Junction Transistor
BMC – Baseboard Management Controller
BMP – Board Mounted Power
BMPS – Board Mounted Power Supply
BMR – Board Mounted Regulator
BMS – Battery Management System
BoM – Bill of Materials
BSC – Base Station Controller
BSI – British Standards Institute
BSS – Base Station System
BTS – Base Transceiver Station
BW – Bandwidth
C
CA – Controller Assembly
CAD – Computer Aided Design
CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate
CAN – Controller Area Network (bus)
CAN FD – Controller Area Network Flexible Data-rate
CAS – Chemical Abstracts Service (number)
CAVs – Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
CB – Certification Body
CBC – Cycle By Cycle (protection)
CC – Constant Current
CCM – Continuous Conduction Mode
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
CDU – Coolant Distribution Unit
CE – Conformité Européenne (European Conformity) or Customer Edge
CEN – Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization)
CENELEC – Comité Européen de Normalisation Électrotechnique (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization)
CEM – Contract Electronics Manufacturer
CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFM – Cubic Feet per Minute (airflow)
CFP – Common FootPrint
CM – Common Mode (noise/choke)
CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMRR – Common Mode Rejection Ratio
CMRT – Conflict Minerals Reporting Template
CMTI – Common Mode Transient Immunity
CNN – Convolutional Neural Network
CoC – Certificate of Conformance
CoO – Country of Origin
COS – Continuity of Supply
COT – Constant On Time
COTS – Commercial Off The Shelf
CPA – Centralized Power Architecture
CPE – Customer Premises Equipment
CPO – Co-Packaged Optics
CPU – Central Processing Unit
CQC – China Quality Certification
CRAC – Computer Room Air Conditioner
CRAH – Computer Room Air Handler
C-RAN – Centralized Radio Access Network or Cloud Radio Access Network
CSA – Canadian Standards Association
CSP – Communication Service Provider
CSV – Comma Separated Values
CTBP – Control, Transport, Baseband & Power
CTI – Comparative Tracking Index
CTW – Cooling Tower Water
CU – Centralized Unit
CV – Constant Voltage
CWDM – Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
CXL – Compute eXpress Link
D
D2C – Direct to Chip (liquid cooling)
D-AMPS – Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System
D/A – Digital to Analog
DAC – Digital to Analog Converter
DAP – Delivered At Place
DAS – Distributed Antenna System
DBF – Digital Beam Forming
DBV – Dynamic Bus Voltage
DC – Direct Current
DC/AC – Direct Current to Alternating Current (inverter)
DC/DC – Direct Current to Direct Current (converter)
DCIM – Data Center Infrastructure Management
DCL – Decision Logic or Data Control Language
DCM – Discontinuous Conduction Mode
DCR – Direct Current Resistance (measurement)
DCS – Distributed Control System
DDP – Delivered Duty Paid
DDR – Double Data Rate (memory)
DFC – Direct Frequency Control
DFE – Design For the Environment
DFM – Design For Manufacturability
DFR – Design For Reliability
DFT – Design for Testability
DiCon – Direct Conversion
DIL – Dual InLine (package)
DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardisation)
DIP – Dual Inline Package
DL – Deep Learning
DLC – Dynamic Load Compensation or Direct Liquid Cooling
DLS – Droop Load Sharing
DMUX – Demultiplexer
DOSA – Distributed-power Open Standards Alliance
DOW – Date Of Withdrawal
DPA – Distributed Power Architecture
DPC – DIMMs Per Channel
DPD – Digital Pre-Distortion
DPM – Digital Power Management or Dynamic Power Management
DPoL – Digital Point of Load (converter)
DPWM – Digital Pulse Width Modulation or Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation
DPU – Data Processing Unit
DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory
DrMOS – Driver & MOSFET module
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM – Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSP – Digital Signal Processor
DTC – Direct to Chip (liquid cooling)
DTI – Distance Through Insulation
DTC – Direct Torque Control
DU – Distributed Unit
DUT – Device Under Test
DVFS – Dynamic Voltage & Frequency Scaling
DVS – Dynamic Voltage Scaling
DVT – Design Validation/Verification Testing
DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
E
E-mMIMO – Extreme-massive MIMO
E2E – End to End
EAR – Export Administration Regulations
EB – Eighth Brick
EBITDA – Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization
EC – Engineering Change or Edge Computing
ECA – Electronic Components Association
ECHA – European CHemicals Agency
ECIA – Electronic Components Inustry Association
ECN – Export Control Notice
ECCN – Export Control Classification Number
ECS – Environmental Control System
EDA – Electronic Design Automation
EDGE – Enhanced Data for Global Evolution
EDI – Electronic Data Interchange
EDP – Electrical Design Power or Excursion Design Power or Electronic Data Processing
EDR – Event Data Recorder ("black box")
EER – Envelope Elimination and Restoration
EFT – Electrical Fast Transient
EIA – Electronic Industries Association
ELFR – Early Life Failure Rate
ELV – Extra Low Voltage
EMAC – Ethernet Media Access Control (address)
eMBB – Enhanced Mobile BroadBand
EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMF – Electromotive Force or Field
EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
EMR – Electromagnetic Radiation
EMRT – Extended Minerals Reporting Template
EMS – Electronic Manufacturing Services
EN – Norme Européen (European Standard) or Engineering Note
eNB – Evolved NodeB
ENIG – Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold
EOL – End Of Life
EPC – Evolved Packet Core
EPG – Evolved Packet Gateway
EPON – Ethernet Passive Optical Network
EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EPU – Energy Processing Unit
ERF – Energy Reuse Factor
ERI – Early Return Index
ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning
ERTMS – European Rail Traffic Management System
ESD – Electrostatic Discharge
ESL – Equivalent Series Inductance
ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance
ESS – Environmental Stress Screening
ET – Envelope Tracking
ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival
ETCS – European Train Control System
ETD – Estimated Time of Departure
EUT – Equipment Under Test
EV – Electric Vehicle
EVDO – Evolution Data Optimized
EVT – Engineering Validation/Verification Testing
EXW – Ex Works
F
FAE – Field Application Engineer
FAI – First Article Inspection
FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions
FAR – Failure Analysis Report
FCA – Free Carrier
FCC – Federal Communications Commission
FDD – Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEA – Finite Element Analysis
FEM – Finite Element Method
FET – Field Effect Transistor
FFT – Fast Fourier Transform
FHA – Fundamental Harmonic Analysis
FIT – Failures In Time
FMD – Full Material Declaration
FMPS – Fault Managed Power System
FOB – Free On Board
FOD – Foreign Object Debris/Damage
FPD – Flex Power Designer
FPGA – Field Programmable Gate Array
FPM – Flex Power Modules
FRA – Fixed Radio Access
FRMCS – Future Railway Mobile Communication Systems
FRU – Field Replaceable Unit
FSC – Fan Speed Control
FTTx – Fiber To The "x" (Premise/Home/Building/Cabinet/Node etc.)
FWA – Fixed Wireless Access
FWS – Facility Water System
G
GaAs – Gallium Arsenide
GAM – Global Account Manager
GaN – Gallium Nitride
GCB – Group Communication Bus
GCM – Global Commodity Management
GCP – Google Cloud Platform
GDT – Gas Discharge Tube
GigE – Gigabit Ethernet
GMSL – Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link
gNB – Next Generation NodeB
GND – Ground
GNN – Graph Neural Network
GP-GPU – General Purpose Graphic Processing Unit
GPIB – General Purpose Interface Bus
GPIO – General Purpose Input/Output
GPON – Gigabit Passive Optical Network
GPP – General Purpose Processor
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
GPS – Global Positioning System
GPT – Generative Pretrained Transformer model
GPU – Graphic Processing Unit
GSA – Global mobile Suppliers Association
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM-R – Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway
GSMA – GSM Association
GUI – Graphical User Interface
GWP – Global Warming Potential
H
HALT – Highly Accelerated Life Testing
HASL – Hot Air Solder Level
HASS – Highly Accelerated Stress Screening
HAST – Highly Accelerated Stress Testing
HB – Half Brick
HBM – High Bandwidth Memory
HDR – High Data Rate
HEMT – High Electron Mobility Transistors
HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle
HMI – Human Machine Interface
HPC – High Performance Computing
HPDC – High Performance Data Center
HRR – Hybrid Regulated Ratio
HS – Harmonized System
HSC – Hybrid Switched Capacitor (topology)
HSDPA – High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSPA – High-Speed Packet Access
HTOL – High Temperature Operating Life
HTS – Harmonized Tariff Schedule
HTSL – High Temperature Storage Life
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HV – High Voltage
HVAC – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current (converter)
HW – Hardware
I
I/O – Input/Output
I2C – Inter-Integrated circuit Communication (bus)
I3C – Improved Inter-Integrated circuit Communication (bus)
IA – Intelligent Automation
IBA – Intermediate Bus Architecture
iBBU – Intelligent Baseband Unit
IBC – Intermediate Bus Converter
IBV – Intermediate Bus Voltage
IC – Integrated Circuit
ICT – Information and Communications Technology
IDC – Internet Data Center
IDM – Integrated Device Manufacturer
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
IEE – Institution of Electrical Engineers
IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
ICS – Industrial Control Systems
ICT – Information and Communication Technology
IDU – Indoor Unit
IGBT – Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
IHV – Independent Hardware Vendor
IoE – Internet of Everything
IoT – Internet of Things
IIoT – Industrial Internet of Things (Industry 4.0)
IMDS – International Material Data System
IMS – Insulated Metal Substrate or IP Multimedia Subsystem
IOR – Input-Output Ratio
IP – Internet Protocol or Intellectual Property or International Protection
IPMI – Intelligent Platform Management Interface
IPS – Integrated Power Stage or Systems
IPU – Image or Intelligence or Infrastructure Processing Unit
IR – Infrared (Reflow)
IRR – Initial Return Rate
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
ISP – Infrastructure Service Provider
ISV – Independent Software Vendor
ITAR – International Trade in Arms Regulations
ITU – International Telecommunication Network
IUCLID – International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database
J
JEDEC – Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council
JFET – Junction Field Effect Transistor
JIT – Just In Time
JTAG – Joint Test Action Group
K
KAM – Key Account Manager
L
L4S – Low Latency, Low Loss, Scalable Throughput
LAN – Local Area Network
LCC – Inductor-Capacitor-Capacitor (resonant converter)
LDMOS – Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor
LDO – Low Dropout (voltage regulator)
LFM – Linear Feet per Minute (airflow)
LGA – Land Grid Array
LGV – Laser Guided Vehicle
LLC – Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor (resonant converter)
LLM – Large Language Model
LNA – Low Noise Amplifier
LPF – Low Pass Filter
LPWA – Low Power Wide Area
LSB – Least Significant Bit
LTB – Last Time Buy
LTE – Long Term Evolution
LTE-A – LTE Advanced
LTE-M – LTE Machine (type communication)
LTRR – Long Term Return Rate
LTS – Last Time Ship
LVD – Low Voltage Directive
M
M2M – Machine to Machine
MAC – Media Access Control (address)
MBA – Multi Beam Antenna
MBB – Mobile Broadband
MBPA – Multi Beam Phased Array
MCM – Multi-Chip Module
MCU – Microcontroller Unit
MEC – Mobile Edge Computing
MEMS – Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems
MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
ML – Machine Learning
MLB – Multi Layer Board
MLCC – Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor
mMIMO – Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output
mMTC – Massive Machine Type Communication
mmW – Millimeter Wave
MNO – Mobile Network Operator
MOCN – Multi Operator Core Network
MOOP – Means Of Operator Protection
MOP – Means of Protection
MOPP – Means of Patient Protection
MOQ – Minimum Order Quantity
MOSFET – Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
MORAN – Multi Operator Radio Access Network
MOV – Metal Oxide Varistor
MP – Mass Production
MPC – Maximum Power Consumption
MPN – Manufacturing Part Number
MPQ – Minimum Package Quantity
MPU – Micro Processor Unit
MR – Mixed Reality
MRP – Materials Requirement Planning
MRT – Multi Resonant Topology
MSB – Most Significant Bit
MSC – Mobile Switching Center
MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
MSL – Moisture Sensitivity Level
MTA – Multi Tapped Autotransformer
MTBF – Mean Time Between Failures
MTTF – Mean Time To Failure
MTTR – Mean Time To Repair
MU-MIMO – Multi User MIMO
MUX – Multiplexer
MVNO – Mobile Virtual Network Operator
N
NACK – Negative Acknowledgement
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
NAT – Network Address Translation
NB-IoT – Narrow Band Internet of Things
NCNR – Non-Cancellable Non-Returnable
NDA – Non-Disclosure Agreement
NEBS – Network Equipment Building System
NEDA – National Electronic Distributors Association
NEMA – National Electronic Manufacturers Association
NFF – No Fault Found
NFV – Network Function Virtualization
NGMN – Next Generation Mobile Networks (alliance)
NIC – Network Interface Card
NLP – Natural Language Processing
NLR – Non-Linear Response
NLU – Natural Language Understanding
NPI – New Product Introduction
NPR – New Product Requirement
NPU – Neural Processing Unit or Network Processing Unit
NR – New Radio (5G) or Notch Resonance
NRE – Non-Recurring Engineering (charge)
NTC – Negative Temperature Coefficient
NVM – Non-Volatile Memory
NRND – Not Recommended for New Designs
NSA 5G – Non Stand Alone 5G
O
OADM – Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
OAI – Open Accelerator Infrastructure
OAM – OCP Accelerator Module
OBC – On Board Charger
OCP – Over Current Protection or Open Compute Project
OCV – Open Circuit Voltage
ODM – Original Design Manufacturer
ODSC – Outdoor Small Cell
ODU – Outdoor Unit or Open Distributed Unit
OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer
OES – Open Enterprise Server
OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OLT – Optical Line Termination
ONT – Optical Network Terminal
ORT – Ongoing Reliability Testing
ORU – Open Radio Unit
O-RAN – Open Radio Access Network (Alliance)
OT – Operational Technology
OTFS – Orthogonal Time Frequency & Space
OTP – Over Temperature Protection or One Time Programming
OVP – Over Voltage Protection
OXC – Optical cross-connect
P
PA – Power Amplifier
PAA – Phased Array Antenna
PAE – Power Added Efficiency
PAM – Power Amplifier Module
PAPR – Peak to Average Power Ratio
PBT – Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (chemicals)
PBX – Private Branch Exchange
PCB – Printed Circuit Board
PCBA – Printed Circuit Board Assembly
PCI – Peripheral Component Interface
PCIe – Peripheral Component Interface Express
PCN – Product Change Notification
PD – Powered Device
PDCP – Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDE – Partial Differential Equation
PDM – Pulse-Density Modulation
PDN – Product Discontinuation Notice or Power Distribution Network or Power Delivery Network or Packet Data Network
PDU – Power Distribution Unit
PE – Polyethylene
PEC – Packet Error Checking
PER – Packet Error Rate
PF – Power Factor
PFC – Power Factor Correction
PG – Power Good
PHY – Physical Layer
PID – Proportional Integral Derivative or Packet Identifier
PIM – Power Interface Module or Passive InterModulation
PIP – Pin-In-Paste (for reflow soldering through hole parts)
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller or Product Life Cycle or Power Line Communications
PLCM – Product Life Cycle Management
PLL – Phase Locked Loop
PMBus™ – Power Management Bus
PMIC – Power Management Integrated Circuit
PMU – Power Management Unit
PN – Product Notification
PO – Purchase Order
PoE – Power Over Ethernet
POEP – Power Over Ethernet Plus (PoE+)
POFV – Plated Over Filled Via
PoL – Point of Load (converter)
POLA – Point Of Load Alliance
PON – Passive Optical Network
PoP – Point of Presence
POTS – Plain Old Telephone Service
PPAP – Production Part Approval Process
PPE – Polyphenylene Ether
PPPoE – Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PR – Parallel Resonance
PRC – Parallel Resonant Converter
PRD – Product Requirement Document
PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory
PSA – Power Stamp Alliance
PSE – Power Sourcing Equipment
PSFB – Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge
PSL – Preferred Suppliers List
PSMP – Power Surface Multiplier Package
PSRR – Power Supply Rejection Ratio
PSU – Power Supply Unit
PTC – Positive Temperature Coefficient or Power Temperature Cycling
PTH – Plated Through Hole
PTP – Point To Point or Power, Thermal & Performance (sensors)
PTMP – Point To Multi Point
PUE – Power Usage Effectiveness
PV – Photovoltaic (inverter)
PVT – Production Validation/Verification Testing
PWB – Printed Wiring Board
PWBA – Printed Wiring Board Assembly
PWM – Pulse Width Modulation
Q
QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QB – Quarter Brick
QDR – Quad Data Rate
QFN – Quad Flat No-lead
QML – Qualified Manufacturers List
QMS – Quality Management System
QoS – Quality of Service
R
RAM – Random Access Memory
RAN – Radio Access Network
RBS – Radio Base Station
RC – Remote Control (on/off)
RCI – Rack Cooling Index
REACH – Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals
REF – Renewable Energy Factor
RET – Remote Electronic Tilt
RF – Radio Frequency
RFI – Radio Frequency Interference or Request For Information
RFP – Request For Proposal
RFPA – Radio Frequency Power Amplifier
RFQ – Request For Quotation
RGW – Radio Gateway
RH – Relative Humidity
RIC – RAN Intelligent Controller
RLC – Radio Link Control
RMA – Returned Material Authorization
RMS – Root Mean Square
RNC – Radio Network Controller
ROADM – Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
RoHS – Restriction of Hazardous Substances
ROM – Read Only Memory or Rough Order of Magnitude
RPA – Robotic Process Automation
RRC – Radio Resource Control
RRH – Remote Radio Head
RRU – Remote Radio Unit
RS – Recommended Standard (e.g. RS232, RS485 etc.)
RSM – Regional Sales Manager
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
RU – Radio Unit or Rack Unit
RX – Receive
S
S2S – Service to Service
SA – Serial Address or Standalone
SALERT – SMBus Alert
SAN – Storage Area Network
SB – Sixteenth Brick
SCADA – Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SCAR – Supplier Corrective Action Request
SCC – Switched Capacitance Converter or Short Circuit Current
SCIP – Substances of Concern In articles as such or in complex objects (Products)
SCL – Serial Clock Line
SCP – Short Circuit Protection
SCR – Silicon Controlled Rectifier
SCSI – Small Computer System Interface
SDA – Serial Data line
SDDC – Software Defined Data Center
SDH – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDN – Software Defined Networking
SDR – Single Data Rate
SELV – Safety Extra Low Voltage
SFOC – Sensorless Field Oriented Control
SI – Système International
SiC – Silicon Carbide
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
SIP – Single Inline Package or System In Package or Session Initiation Protocol
SKU – Stock Keeping Unit
SMA – Surface Mount Assembly
SMBus – System Management Bus
SMD – Surface Mount Device
SME – Small and Medium Enterprise
SMP – Surface Mount Package
SMPS – Switched Mode Power Supply
SMT – Surface Mount Technology
SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SOA – Safe Operating Area
SoC – System on Chip or Statement of Compliance
SOIC – Small Outline Integrated Circuit
SON – Self Organizing Network
SONET – Synchronous Optical Networking
SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface
SPQ – Standard Package Quantity
SPS – Standby Power Supply
SQL – Structured Query Language
SR – Series Resonance
SRAM – Static Random Access Memory
SRC – Series Resonant Converter
SRF – Series Resonant Frequency
SSD – Solid State Drive
STC – Switched Tank Capacitor
STEP – Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
SVHC – Substances of Very High Concern
SVID – Serial Voltage Identifier
SW – Software
SWaP-C – Size, Weight, Power and Cost
SWG – Standard Wire Gauge
T
T&R – Tape and Reel
TC – Temperature Cycling
TCE – Thermal Coefficient of Expansion
TCO – Total Cost of Ownership
TCP – Transport Control Protocol
TCS – Technology Cooling System
TD-SCDMA – Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
TDD – Time Division Duplex
TDM – Time Division Multiplex
TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
TDP – Thermal Design Power
TFR – Test For Reliability
TH – Through Hole
THB – Temperature Humidity Bias
THD – Total Harmonic Distortion
THT – Through Hole Technology
TIA – Telecommunications Industries Association
TIM – Thermal Interface Material
TIP – Telecom Infra Project
TLVR – Trans-Inductor Voltage Regulator
TMA – Tower Mounted Amplifier
TOBA – Telecom On-Board Architecture
TOR – Top Of Rack
TPP – Total Processor Performance
TPU – Tensor Processing Unit
TSCA – Toxic Substances Control Act
TSN – Time Sensitive Networking
TTL – Transistor Transistor Logic
TUV – Technischer Uberwachungs Verein
TVS – Transient Voltage Suppressor
TX – Transmit
U
UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UBB – Universal BaseBoard
UI – User Interface
UL – Underwriters Laboratories
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UPOE – Universal Power Over Ethernet (PoE++)
UPS – Uninterruptable Power Supply
uRLLC – Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
USB – Universal Serial Bus
UUT – Unit Under Test
UVLO – Under Voltage Lock Out
UVP – Under Voltage Protection
UX – User eXperience
V
VA – Virtual Assistant
vBBU – Virtual Baseband Unit
VCO – Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VCU – Video Coding Unit
VDC – Virtual Data Center or Volt Direct Current
VDE – Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker
VID – Voltage Identifier
VIPPO – Via in Pad Plated Over
VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
VGA – Variable Gain Amplifier
VLAN – Virtual Local Area Network
VoC – Verification of Conformity
VoIP – Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)
VoLTE – Voice over LTE
VoNR – Voice over New Radio
VPD – Vertical Power Delivery
VPN – Virtual Private Network
VPU – Vision Processing Unit
VPWR – Vertical Power
VQFN – Very thin Quad Flat No-lead
VR – Virtual Reality
V-RAN – Virtualized Radio Access Network
VRM – Voltage Regulator Module
VSD – Variable Speed Drive
W
WAN – Wide Area Network
WAP – Wireless Access Protocol
WBG – Wide Band Gap (semiconductor)
WCDMA – Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WFD – Waste Framework Directive
WFE – Wafer Fabrication Equipment
WEEE – Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (directive)
WiMAX – Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
WIP – Work In Progress
WISP – Wireless Internet Service Provider
WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
WUE – Water Usage Effectiveness
X
xDSL – arbitrary Digital Subscriber Line (e.g. ADSL)
XML – EXtensible Markup Language
XPE – AMD-Xilinx Power Estimator
xPU – An all encompassing term for a portfolio of Processing Units (including CPU, GPU, IPU, TPU, VPU, FPGA and other accelerators)
XR – Extended Reality
Y
YRR – One Year Return Rate
Z
ZCS – Zero Current Switching
ZEV – Zero Emission Vehicle
ZIF – Zero Insertion Force
ZVS – Zero Voltage Switching
Other
1PIC – Single Phase Immersion Cooling
2G – Second Generation (GSM/D-AMPS/GPRS/EDGE)
2PIC – Two Phase Immersion Cooling
3D – 3 Dimensional
3E – Enhanced performance, Energy management, End-user value
3G – Third Generation (UMTS/CDMA2000/HSPA/HSPA+/EVDO)
3GPP – Third Generation Partnership Project
4G – Fourth Generation (LTE/LTE-A/LTE-Pro)
4PPOE – 4-Pair Power Over Ethernet
5G – Fifth Generation (NR)
8D – 8 Discipline (report)
µC – Microcontroller
µTCA - Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture
800 Electrical & Electronic Abbreviations with Full Forms. A-Z
Electronics & Electrical Abbreviations (Full)
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