EBOOK - South-East Asia Eye Health - Systems, Practices, and Challenges (Taraprasad Das & Patanjali Dev Nayar) Full

The book covers all aspects of eye health in South-East Asia from public health to health system to education to industry in 6 sections. The World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia region comprises of 11 countries - Bangladesh, Bhutan, DPR Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste. This region is home to 26% of world population; there is a disproportionate amount of blindness (30.6%) and visual impairment (36%).

This is a first of its kind book that discusses common conditions of visual impairment and blindness in the South-East Asia region. In addition, the book documents the current eye care industry in the region and the contribution of all eye health INGOs in eye care program planning and service delivery for many decades. Majority of the countries in the South-East Asia region are categorized in ‘middle-income country’ group. This book discusses the common challenges in these countries such as, suboptimal public expenditure in health, acute shortage of skilled eye health workforce, and rudimentary health industry. 

The book covers the following 6 sections:

1.       Geographic description and health indices of the region

2.       Health system evolved over years, including universal eye health, health financing and health management information system (HMIS)

3.       Common eye problems including non-communicable disease NCD (and diabetic retinopathy), neglected tropical disease NTD (and Trachoma)

4.       Health workforce in the region that includes ophthalmologists, optometrists, and allied ophthalmic personnel

5.       Eye health support in the region of 13 international non-government organizations (INGOs) working for decades

6.       Eye health industry in the region that includes spectacles, ophthalmic devices and equipment and the pharma industry

The book would be a useful resource for ophthalmologists, all public health personnel and policy makers in eye health in the South-East Asia region specifically and all ophthalmologists and scientists interested in public health all over the world as well as for program planning to reach the 'Health for All' strategy by 2030 (United Nations Sustainable Development Goal, SDG 2030).

CONTENTS:

Part I The Region

1 The South-East Asia Region and Health Indicators. . . . . . . . . .   3

Taraprasad Das and Patanjali Dev Nayar

Part II The Health System

2 Health Management and Information: 

Key Principles and Enablers in Eye Health Program. . . . . . . . .  23

Thulasiraj Ravilla, Sashipriya Karumanchi, 

and Taraprasad Das

3 Universal Health Coverage and Primary Eye Care. . . . . . . . . . .  51

Khaleda Islam, A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, Taraprasad Das, 

Lutful Husain, and Munir Ahmed

4 Sustainable Development Goal 3: 

Good Health and Well-being. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61

Taraprasad Das, Peter Holland, Munir Ahmed, 

and Lutful Husain

5 Integrated People-Centered Eye Care: The Game Changer. . . .  79

Taraprasad Das, Thaksaphon Tharmarangsi, 

Sobha Sivaprasad, and Srinivas Marmamula

6 Health Financing and Sustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  91

Taraprasad Das, Raja Narayanan, and Gullapalli N. Rao

7 Disease Burden: Blindness and Vision Impairment 

in  South- East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Jill E. Keeffe, Hugh R. Taylor, and Rupert R. A. Bourne

8 Population-Based Eye Disease Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Yuddha D. Sapkota, Srinivas Marmamula, 

and Taraprasad Das

Contents

xvi

Part III Common Disorders

9 Cataract in South-East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Reeta Gurung, Parikshit Gogate, Radhika Upreti Oli, 

A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, Asela Abeydeera, Indra P. Sharma, 

Nor Tshering Lepcha, Phanindra B. Nukella, and Syumarti

10 Refractive Error and School Eye Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Krupa Philip, Prakash Paudel, Jerry Vincent, 

Srinivas Marmamula, Timothy Fricke, 

and Padmaja Sankaridurg

11 Childhood Blindness and Visual Impairment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Clare Gilbert, P. Vijayalakshmi, Sahithya Bhaskaran, 

Tavisha Udupihille, Habibah S. Muhiddin, Dyah Ayu Windy, 

Idayani Panggalo, Sanduk Ruit, Srijana Adhikari, 

A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, and Khaleda Islam

12 The Burden of Non-communicable Diseases 

and Diabetic Retinopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Ramachandran Rajalakshmi, Vijayaraghavan Prathiba, 

Rajiv Raman, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, Rajendra Pradeepa, 

and Viswanathan Mohan

13 Neglected  Tropical  Diseases  and  Trachoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Sunu Dulal, Sailesh Kumar Mishra, and Hugh R. Taylor

14 Glaucoma: Burden, Practices, and Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Mehal Rathore, Ronnie George, M. Baskaran, 

Rashima Asokan, Sunee Chansangpetch, 

and Lingam Vijaya

15  Corneal Blindness and Eye Banking in South- East Asia. . . . . . . 255

Anurag Taneja, Murugesan Vanathi, Alisha Kishore, 

Josie Noah, Shubhi Sood, Patrick Emery, Samara Andrade, 

Shaifali Sharma, and Sunita Chaurasia

16 Low  Vision,  Vision  Rehabilitation, 

and Assistive Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Patanjali Dev Nayar, Suraj Singh Senjam, Beula Christy, 

Sara Varughese, G. V. S. Murthy, Praveen Vashist, 

and Vivek Gupta

Part IV Human Resource for Health

17 Ophthalmology in South-East Asia: Practices 

and Priorities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

B. R. Shamanna, Rolika Bansal, and Santosh G. Honavar

18 Optometry  in  South-East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Kovin Naidoo, Anitha Arvind, Carmen Abesamos- Dichoso, 

Kah Ooi Tan, and Pirindha Govender-Poonsamy

Contents

xvii

19 Allied  Ophthalmic  Personnel: 

Workforce, Education, and Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

M. Babar Qureshi, Lynn Anderson, Trupti Kulkarni, 

A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, Indra P. Sharma, 

Dhivya R. Ramasamy, Rohit C. Khanna, Aldiana Halim, 

Yuddha D. Sapkota, and Prut Hanutsaha

Part  V International  Organizations

20 CBM  in  South-East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Harpreet Kapoor, Manfred Mörchen, M. Babar Qureshi, 

and Trupti Kulkarni

21 Combat  Blindness  International. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Suresh R. Chandra and Reena Chandra Rajpal

22 Essilor: Eliminating Uncorrected Refractive 

Errors by 2050. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Anurag Hans

23 Embedding Equity, Innovation, and Partnerships 

into Eye Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Jon Crail and Aildrene Tan

24 Helen Keller International’s Eye Health Partnerships 

and Accomplishments in South- East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Nick Kourgialis and Satyaprabha Kotha

25 Mission  for  Vision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Elizabeth Kurian and Shrikant Ayyangar

26 Operation Eyesight Universal and South-East Asia. . . . . . . . . . 361

Kashinath Bhoosnurmath, Parvez Memon, Harish Kumar, 

Yashwant Sinha, and Anup Zimba

27 OneSight  in  South-East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Wayne Tennent

28 Orbis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Rahul Ali

29 Seva  Foundation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Suzanne Gilbert, Ram Prasad Kandel, Kuldeep Singh, 

Chundak Tenzing, and Heidi Chase

30 SightLife and Elimination of Corneal Blindness. . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Josie Noah, Patrick Emery, Shubhi Sood, Anurag Taneja, 

Samara Andrade, and Lorraine Misquith

31 Sightsavers  International. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Rudra N. Mohanty, Sandeep Buttan, Rishibha Gupta, 

and Amrita R. Rozario

Contents

xviii

32 A Powerful Tool for Social and Economic Development: 

Accelerating the Uptake of Eyeglasses 

for Working-Age Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Ella Gudwin, Anshu Taneja, and Jordan Kassalow

Part  VI Ophthalmic  Industry

33 Spectacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Saugata Banerjee and Keerti Bhusan Pradhan

34 Ophthalmic Devices and Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Ravilla D. Sriram, Nampermulsamy Vishnu Prasad, 

Alagarajan Soundarrajan, and Kujulva Kannan Rubanbabu

35 Ophthalmic  Pharmaceutical  Markets 

South-East Asia Region Perspective 2020. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Sandeep Sharma, Varsha Narayanan, Manoj Mahajan, 

and Y. S. V. S. Naga Mohan

Index. 

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The book covers all aspects of eye health in South-East Asia from public health to health system to education to industry in 6 sections. The World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia region comprises of 11 countries - Bangladesh, Bhutan, DPR Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste. This region is home to 26% of world population; there is a disproportionate amount of blindness (30.6%) and visual impairment (36%).

This is a first of its kind book that discusses common conditions of visual impairment and blindness in the South-East Asia region. In addition, the book documents the current eye care industry in the region and the contribution of all eye health INGOs in eye care program planning and service delivery for many decades. Majority of the countries in the South-East Asia region are categorized in ‘middle-income country’ group. This book discusses the common challenges in these countries such as, suboptimal public expenditure in health, acute shortage of skilled eye health workforce, and rudimentary health industry. 

The book covers the following 6 sections:

1.       Geographic description and health indices of the region

2.       Health system evolved over years, including universal eye health, health financing and health management information system (HMIS)

3.       Common eye problems including non-communicable disease NCD (and diabetic retinopathy), neglected tropical disease NTD (and Trachoma)

4.       Health workforce in the region that includes ophthalmologists, optometrists, and allied ophthalmic personnel

5.       Eye health support in the region of 13 international non-government organizations (INGOs) working for decades

6.       Eye health industry in the region that includes spectacles, ophthalmic devices and equipment and the pharma industry

The book would be a useful resource for ophthalmologists, all public health personnel and policy makers in eye health in the South-East Asia region specifically and all ophthalmologists and scientists interested in public health all over the world as well as for program planning to reach the 'Health for All' strategy by 2030 (United Nations Sustainable Development Goal, SDG 2030).

CONTENTS:

Part I The Region

1 The South-East Asia Region and Health Indicators. . . . . . . . . .   3

Taraprasad Das and Patanjali Dev Nayar

Part II The Health System

2 Health Management and Information: 

Key Principles and Enablers in Eye Health Program. . . . . . . . .  23

Thulasiraj Ravilla, Sashipriya Karumanchi, 

and Taraprasad Das

3 Universal Health Coverage and Primary Eye Care. . . . . . . . . . .  51

Khaleda Islam, A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, Taraprasad Das, 

Lutful Husain, and Munir Ahmed

4 Sustainable Development Goal 3: 

Good Health and Well-being. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61

Taraprasad Das, Peter Holland, Munir Ahmed, 

and Lutful Husain

5 Integrated People-Centered Eye Care: The Game Changer. . . .  79

Taraprasad Das, Thaksaphon Tharmarangsi, 

Sobha Sivaprasad, and Srinivas Marmamula

6 Health Financing and Sustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  91

Taraprasad Das, Raja Narayanan, and Gullapalli N. Rao

7 Disease Burden: Blindness and Vision Impairment 

in  South- East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Jill E. Keeffe, Hugh R. Taylor, and Rupert R. A. Bourne

8 Population-Based Eye Disease Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Yuddha D. Sapkota, Srinivas Marmamula, 

and Taraprasad Das

Contents

xvi

Part III Common Disorders

9 Cataract in South-East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Reeta Gurung, Parikshit Gogate, Radhika Upreti Oli, 

A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, Asela Abeydeera, Indra P. Sharma, 

Nor Tshering Lepcha, Phanindra B. Nukella, and Syumarti

10 Refractive Error and School Eye Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Krupa Philip, Prakash Paudel, Jerry Vincent, 

Srinivas Marmamula, Timothy Fricke, 

and Padmaja Sankaridurg

11 Childhood Blindness and Visual Impairment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Clare Gilbert, P. Vijayalakshmi, Sahithya Bhaskaran, 

Tavisha Udupihille, Habibah S. Muhiddin, Dyah Ayu Windy, 

Idayani Panggalo, Sanduk Ruit, Srijana Adhikari, 

A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, and Khaleda Islam

12 The Burden of Non-communicable Diseases 

and Diabetic Retinopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Ramachandran Rajalakshmi, Vijayaraghavan Prathiba, 

Rajiv Raman, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, Rajendra Pradeepa, 

and Viswanathan Mohan

13 Neglected  Tropical  Diseases  and  Trachoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Sunu Dulal, Sailesh Kumar Mishra, and Hugh R. Taylor

14 Glaucoma: Burden, Practices, and Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Mehal Rathore, Ronnie George, M. Baskaran, 

Rashima Asokan, Sunee Chansangpetch, 

and Lingam Vijaya

15  Corneal Blindness and Eye Banking in South- East Asia. . . . . . . 255

Anurag Taneja, Murugesan Vanathi, Alisha Kishore, 

Josie Noah, Shubhi Sood, Patrick Emery, Samara Andrade, 

Shaifali Sharma, and Sunita Chaurasia

16 Low  Vision,  Vision  Rehabilitation, 

and Assistive Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Patanjali Dev Nayar, Suraj Singh Senjam, Beula Christy, 

Sara Varughese, G. V. S. Murthy, Praveen Vashist, 

and Vivek Gupta

Part IV Human Resource for Health

17 Ophthalmology in South-East Asia: Practices 

and Priorities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

B. R. Shamanna, Rolika Bansal, and Santosh G. Honavar

18 Optometry  in  South-East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Kovin Naidoo, Anitha Arvind, Carmen Abesamos- Dichoso, 

Kah Ooi Tan, and Pirindha Govender-Poonsamy

Contents

xvii

19 Allied  Ophthalmic  Personnel: 

Workforce, Education, and Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

M. Babar Qureshi, Lynn Anderson, Trupti Kulkarni, 

A. H. M. Enayet Hussain, Indra P. Sharma, 

Dhivya R. Ramasamy, Rohit C. Khanna, Aldiana Halim, 

Yuddha D. Sapkota, and Prut Hanutsaha

Part  V International  Organizations

20 CBM  in  South-East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Harpreet Kapoor, Manfred Mörchen, M. Babar Qureshi, 

and Trupti Kulkarni

21 Combat  Blindness  International. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Suresh R. Chandra and Reena Chandra Rajpal

22 Essilor: Eliminating Uncorrected Refractive 

Errors by 2050. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Anurag Hans

23 Embedding Equity, Innovation, and Partnerships 

into Eye Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Jon Crail and Aildrene Tan

24 Helen Keller International’s Eye Health Partnerships 

and Accomplishments in South- East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Nick Kourgialis and Satyaprabha Kotha

25 Mission  for  Vision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Elizabeth Kurian and Shrikant Ayyangar

26 Operation Eyesight Universal and South-East Asia. . . . . . . . . . 361

Kashinath Bhoosnurmath, Parvez Memon, Harish Kumar, 

Yashwant Sinha, and Anup Zimba

27 OneSight  in  South-East  Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Wayne Tennent

28 Orbis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Rahul Ali

29 Seva  Foundation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Suzanne Gilbert, Ram Prasad Kandel, Kuldeep Singh, 

Chundak Tenzing, and Heidi Chase

30 SightLife and Elimination of Corneal Blindness. . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Josie Noah, Patrick Emery, Shubhi Sood, Anurag Taneja, 

Samara Andrade, and Lorraine Misquith

31 Sightsavers  International. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Rudra N. Mohanty, Sandeep Buttan, Rishibha Gupta, 

and Amrita R. Rozario

Contents

xviii

32 A Powerful Tool for Social and Economic Development: 

Accelerating the Uptake of Eyeglasses 

for Working-Age Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Ella Gudwin, Anshu Taneja, and Jordan Kassalow

Part  VI Ophthalmic  Industry

33 Spectacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Saugata Banerjee and Keerti Bhusan Pradhan

34 Ophthalmic Devices and Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Ravilla D. Sriram, Nampermulsamy Vishnu Prasad, 

Alagarajan Soundarrajan, and Kujulva Kannan Rubanbabu

35 Ophthalmic  Pharmaceutical  Markets 

South-East Asia Region Perspective 2020. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Sandeep Sharma, Varsha Narayanan, Manoj Mahajan, 

and Y. S. V. S. Naga Mohan

Index. 

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