EBOOK - Analysis and Design of control Systems using Matlab (Rao V. Dukkipati)


Control Systems Engineering is an exciting and challenging field and is a multidisciplinary subject. This book is designed and organized around the concepts of control systems engineering using MATLAB, as they have been developed in the frequency and time domain for an introductory undergraduate or graduate course in control systems for engineering students of all disciplines.
Chapter 1 presents a brief introduction to control systems.
The fundamental strategy of controlling physical variables in systems is presented. Some of the terms commonly used to describe the operation, analysis, and design of control systems are described.
An introduction to MATLAB basics is presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 2 also presents MATLAB commands.

MATLAB is considered as the software of choice. MATLAB can be used interactively and has an inventory of routines, called as functions, which minimize the task of programming even more. Further information on MATLAB can be obtained from: The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760. In the computational aspects, MATLAB has emerged as a very powerful tool for numerical computations involved in control systems engineering. The idea of computer-aided design and analysis using MATLAB with the Symbolic Math Tool box, and the Control System Tool box has been incorporated.
Chapter 3 consists of many solved problems that demonstrate the application of MATLAB to the analysis and design of control systems. Presentations are limited to linear, time-invariant continuous time systems.
Chapters 2 and 3 include a great number of worked examples and unsolved exercise
problems to guide the student to understand the basic principles and concepts in control systems engineering.
I sincerely hope that the final outcome of this book helps the students in developing an appreciation for the topic of analysis and design of control systems.
An extensive bibliography to guide the student to further sources of information on control systems engineering is provided at the end of the book. All the end-of chapter problems are fully solved in the Solution Manual available only to Instructors.

Acknowledgement (ix)
1. Introduction to Control Systems ... 1
1.1 Introduction ... 1
1.2 Control Systems ... 1
1.2.1 Examples of Control Systems ... 2
1.3 Control System Configurations ... 3
1.4 Control System Terminology ... 5
1.5 Control System Classes ... 6
1.6 Feedback Systems ... 8
1.7 Analysis of Feedback ... 8
1.8 Control System Analysis and Design Objectives ... 9
1.9 Summary ... 10
References ... 10
Glossary of Terms ... 12
2. MATLAB Basics ... 26
2.1 Introduction ... 26
2.1.1 Starting and Quitting MATLAB ... 27
2.1.2 Display Windows ... 27
2.1.3 Entering Commands ... 27
2.1.4 MATLAB Expo ... 27
2.1.5 Abort ... 27
2.1.6 The Semicolon ... 27
2.1.7 Typing % ... 27
2.1.8 The clc Command ... 27
2.1.9 Help ... 27
2.1.10Statements and Variables ... 28
2.2 Arithmetic Operations ... 28
2.3 Display Formats ... 28
2.4 Elementary Math Built-in Functions ... 29
2.5 Variable Names ... 31
2.6 Predefined Variables ... 31
2.7 Commands for Managing Variables ... 32
2.8 General Commands ... 32
2.9 Arrays ... 34
2.9.1Row Vector ... 34
2.9.2 Column Vector ... 34
2.9.3 Matrix ... 34
2.9.4Addressing Arrays ... 35
2.9.5 Adding Elements to a Vector or a Matrix ... 35
2.9.6 Deleting Elements ... 35
2.9.7 Built-in Functions ... 35
2.10 Operations with Arrays ... 37
2.10.1 Addition and Subtraction of Matrices ... 37
2.10.2 Dot Product ... 37
2.10.3 Array Multiplication ... 37
2.10.4 Array Division ... 37
2.10.5 Identity Matrix ... 37
2.10.6 Inverse of a Matrix ... 38
2.10.7 Transpose ... 38
2.10.8 Determinant ... 38
2.10.9 Array Division ... 38
2.10.10 Left Division ... 38
2.10.11 Right Division ... 38
2.10.12 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors ... 38
2.11 Element-by-Element Operations ... 39
2.11.1 Built-in Functions for Arrays ... 40
2.12 Random Number Generation ... 41
2.12.1 The Random Command ... 42
2.13 Polynomials ... 42
2.14 System of Linear Equations ... 44
2.14.1 Matrix Division ... 44
2.14.2 Matrix Inverse ... 44
2.15 Script Files ... 49
2.15.1 Creating and Saving a Script File ... 49
2.15.2 Running a Script File ... 50
2.15.3 Input to a Script File ... 50
2.15.4Output Commands ... 50
2.16 Programming in MATLAB ... 51
2.16.1 Relational and Logical Operators ... 51
2.16.2 Order of Precedence ... 52
2.16.3 Built-in Logical Functions ... 52
2.16.4 Conditional Statements ... 53
2.16.5 Nested if Statements ... 54
2.16.6 else AND else if Clauses ... 54
2.16.7 MATLAB while Structures ... 54
2.17 Graphics ... 57
2.17.1 Basic 2-D Plots ... 57
2.17.2 Specialized 2-D plots ... 57
2.17.3 3-D Plots ... 58
2.17.4 Saving and Printing Graphs ... 65
2.18 Input/Output in MATLAB ... 65
2.18.1 The fopen Statement ... 65
2.19 Symbolic Mathematics ... 66
2.19.1 Symbolic Expressions ... 66
2.19.2 Solution to Differential Equations ... 68
2.19.3 Calculus ... 69
2.20 The Laplace Transforms ... 71
2.20.1 Finding Zeros and Poles of B(s)/A(s) ... 72
2.21 Control Systems ... 72
2.21.1 Transfer Functions ... 72
2.21.2 Model Conversion ... 72
2.22 The Laplace Transforms ... 75
2.23 Summary ... 111
Problems ... 113
3. MATLAB Tutorial ... 125
3.1 Introduction ... 125
3.2 Transient Response Analysis ... 125
3.3 Response to Initial Condition ... 125
3.4 Second Order Systems ... 127
3.5 Root Locus Plots ... 127
3.6 Bode Diagrams ... 129
3.7 Nyquist Plots ... 136
3.7.1 Polar Plots ... 136
3.7.2 Nyquist Plot ... 137
3.8 Nichols Chart ... 138
3.8.1 db Magnitude-Phase Angle Plots ... 138
3.9 Gain Margin, Phase Margin, Phase Crossover Frequency, and Gain Crossover Frequency ... 139
3.10 Transformation of System Models ... 139
3.10.1 Transformation of System Model from Transfer Function to State Space ... 140
3.10.2 Transformation of System Model from State Space to Transfer Function ... 140
3.11 Bode Diagrams of Systems Models Defined in State-Space ... 140
3.12 Nyquist Plots of a System Defined in State Space ... 141
3.13 Transient Response Analysis in State-Space ... 141
3.13.1 Unit Step Response ... 141
3.13.2 Unit Ramp Response ... 142
3.13.3 Unit Ramp Response ... 142
3.13.4Response to Arbitrary Input ... 143
3.14 Response to Initial Condition in State Space ... 143
Example Problems and Solutions ... 143
Summary ... 241
Problems ... 241
Bibliography ... 251

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Control Systems Engineering is an exciting and challenging field and is a multidisciplinary subject. This book is designed and organized around the concepts of control systems engineering using MATLAB, as they have been developed in the frequency and time domain for an introductory undergraduate or graduate course in control systems for engineering students of all disciplines.
Chapter 1 presents a brief introduction to control systems.
The fundamental strategy of controlling physical variables in systems is presented. Some of the terms commonly used to describe the operation, analysis, and design of control systems are described.
An introduction to MATLAB basics is presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 2 also presents MATLAB commands.

MATLAB is considered as the software of choice. MATLAB can be used interactively and has an inventory of routines, called as functions, which minimize the task of programming even more. Further information on MATLAB can be obtained from: The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760. In the computational aspects, MATLAB has emerged as a very powerful tool for numerical computations involved in control systems engineering. The idea of computer-aided design and analysis using MATLAB with the Symbolic Math Tool box, and the Control System Tool box has been incorporated.
Chapter 3 consists of many solved problems that demonstrate the application of MATLAB to the analysis and design of control systems. Presentations are limited to linear, time-invariant continuous time systems.
Chapters 2 and 3 include a great number of worked examples and unsolved exercise
problems to guide the student to understand the basic principles and concepts in control systems engineering.
I sincerely hope that the final outcome of this book helps the students in developing an appreciation for the topic of analysis and design of control systems.
An extensive bibliography to guide the student to further sources of information on control systems engineering is provided at the end of the book. All the end-of chapter problems are fully solved in the Solution Manual available only to Instructors.

Acknowledgement (ix)
1. Introduction to Control Systems ... 1
1.1 Introduction ... 1
1.2 Control Systems ... 1
1.2.1 Examples of Control Systems ... 2
1.3 Control System Configurations ... 3
1.4 Control System Terminology ... 5
1.5 Control System Classes ... 6
1.6 Feedback Systems ... 8
1.7 Analysis of Feedback ... 8
1.8 Control System Analysis and Design Objectives ... 9
1.9 Summary ... 10
References ... 10
Glossary of Terms ... 12
2. MATLAB Basics ... 26
2.1 Introduction ... 26
2.1.1 Starting and Quitting MATLAB ... 27
2.1.2 Display Windows ... 27
2.1.3 Entering Commands ... 27
2.1.4 MATLAB Expo ... 27
2.1.5 Abort ... 27
2.1.6 The Semicolon ... 27
2.1.7 Typing % ... 27
2.1.8 The clc Command ... 27
2.1.9 Help ... 27
2.1.10Statements and Variables ... 28
2.2 Arithmetic Operations ... 28
2.3 Display Formats ... 28
2.4 Elementary Math Built-in Functions ... 29
2.5 Variable Names ... 31
2.6 Predefined Variables ... 31
2.7 Commands for Managing Variables ... 32
2.8 General Commands ... 32
2.9 Arrays ... 34
2.9.1Row Vector ... 34
2.9.2 Column Vector ... 34
2.9.3 Matrix ... 34
2.9.4Addressing Arrays ... 35
2.9.5 Adding Elements to a Vector or a Matrix ... 35
2.9.6 Deleting Elements ... 35
2.9.7 Built-in Functions ... 35
2.10 Operations with Arrays ... 37
2.10.1 Addition and Subtraction of Matrices ... 37
2.10.2 Dot Product ... 37
2.10.3 Array Multiplication ... 37
2.10.4 Array Division ... 37
2.10.5 Identity Matrix ... 37
2.10.6 Inverse of a Matrix ... 38
2.10.7 Transpose ... 38
2.10.8 Determinant ... 38
2.10.9 Array Division ... 38
2.10.10 Left Division ... 38
2.10.11 Right Division ... 38
2.10.12 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors ... 38
2.11 Element-by-Element Operations ... 39
2.11.1 Built-in Functions for Arrays ... 40
2.12 Random Number Generation ... 41
2.12.1 The Random Command ... 42
2.13 Polynomials ... 42
2.14 System of Linear Equations ... 44
2.14.1 Matrix Division ... 44
2.14.2 Matrix Inverse ... 44
2.15 Script Files ... 49
2.15.1 Creating and Saving a Script File ... 49
2.15.2 Running a Script File ... 50
2.15.3 Input to a Script File ... 50
2.15.4Output Commands ... 50
2.16 Programming in MATLAB ... 51
2.16.1 Relational and Logical Operators ... 51
2.16.2 Order of Precedence ... 52
2.16.3 Built-in Logical Functions ... 52
2.16.4 Conditional Statements ... 53
2.16.5 Nested if Statements ... 54
2.16.6 else AND else if Clauses ... 54
2.16.7 MATLAB while Structures ... 54
2.17 Graphics ... 57
2.17.1 Basic 2-D Plots ... 57
2.17.2 Specialized 2-D plots ... 57
2.17.3 3-D Plots ... 58
2.17.4 Saving and Printing Graphs ... 65
2.18 Input/Output in MATLAB ... 65
2.18.1 The fopen Statement ... 65
2.19 Symbolic Mathematics ... 66
2.19.1 Symbolic Expressions ... 66
2.19.2 Solution to Differential Equations ... 68
2.19.3 Calculus ... 69
2.20 The Laplace Transforms ... 71
2.20.1 Finding Zeros and Poles of B(s)/A(s) ... 72
2.21 Control Systems ... 72
2.21.1 Transfer Functions ... 72
2.21.2 Model Conversion ... 72
2.22 The Laplace Transforms ... 75
2.23 Summary ... 111
Problems ... 113
3. MATLAB Tutorial ... 125
3.1 Introduction ... 125
3.2 Transient Response Analysis ... 125
3.3 Response to Initial Condition ... 125
3.4 Second Order Systems ... 127
3.5 Root Locus Plots ... 127
3.6 Bode Diagrams ... 129
3.7 Nyquist Plots ... 136
3.7.1 Polar Plots ... 136
3.7.2 Nyquist Plot ... 137
3.8 Nichols Chart ... 138
3.8.1 db Magnitude-Phase Angle Plots ... 138
3.9 Gain Margin, Phase Margin, Phase Crossover Frequency, and Gain Crossover Frequency ... 139
3.10 Transformation of System Models ... 139
3.10.1 Transformation of System Model from Transfer Function to State Space ... 140
3.10.2 Transformation of System Model from State Space to Transfer Function ... 140
3.11 Bode Diagrams of Systems Models Defined in State-Space ... 140
3.12 Nyquist Plots of a System Defined in State Space ... 141
3.13 Transient Response Analysis in State-Space ... 141
3.13.1 Unit Step Response ... 141
3.13.2 Unit Ramp Response ... 142
3.13.3 Unit Ramp Response ... 142
3.13.4Response to Arbitrary Input ... 143
3.14 Response to Initial Condition in State Space ... 143
Example Problems and Solutions ... 143
Summary ... 241
Problems ... 241
Bibliography ... 251

LINK DOWNLOAD

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