EBOOK - Exploring the Solar Wind (Marian Lazar)
EBOOK - Khám phá năng lượng gió và năng lượng mặt trời - Tác giả: Marian Lazar (475 Trang).
The solar wind is a continuous outward stream of energetic charged particles from the Sun’s hot corona. The high temperature in the solar corona measures more than one million degrees causing ionization of the hydrogen and formation of a hot plasma of protons and electrons. The solar plasma is so hot that it breaks free of the Sun’s gravitational force and blows away from the surface in all directions giving rise to the solar wind. The intensity of the solar wind changes constantly, and when it gets stronger, we see more brighter aurora on Earth. Terrestrial magnetic field is compressed by the solar wind and distorted into a comet-shaped cavity known as the magnetosphere.
The magnetosphere protects the Earth as it deflects the solar wind streams, which would otherwise blow the atmosphere away. However, the energetic solar flares and coronal mass ejections during times of an active Sun can drastically affect the solar wind and space weather conditions, and, implicitly, the advanced space technology we have become so dependent upon in our everyday lives. Understanding the changing solar wind and its effects on Earth and our life is therefore one of the most challenging tasks facing space scientists today, and many space exploration missions focus on the solar wind and its interactions with Earth.
This book consists of a selection of original papers of the leading scientists in the fields of Space and Planetary Physics, Solar and Space Plasma Physics with important contributions to the theory, modeling and experimental techniques of the solar wind exploration. All chapters of this book were invited with the aim of providing a comprehensive view of the current knowledge of the solar wind formation and elemental composition, the interplane- tary dynamical evolution and acceleration of the charged plasma particles, and the guiding magnetic field that connects to the magnetospheric field lines and adjusts the effects of the solar wind on Earth.
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 The Solar Wind: Overview of the Fundamentals 1
Chapter 1 Solar Wind Laws Valid for any Phase of a Solar Cycle 3
V.G. Eselevich
Chapter 2 Solar Wind: Origin, Properties and Impact on Earth 29
U.L. Visakh Kumar and P.J. Kurian
Part 2 The Solar Wind Elemental Compostition 47
Chapter 3 Solar Wind Composition Associated with the Solar Activity 49
X. Wang, B. Klecker and P. Wurz
Chapter 4 Solar Wind and Solar System Matter After Mission Genesis 69
Kurt Marti and Peter Bochsler
Chapter 5 Measuring the Isotopic Composition of Solar Wind Noble Gases 93
Alex Meshik, Charles Hohenberg, Olga Pravdivtseva and Donald Burnett
Chapter 6 Solar Wind Noble Gases in Micrometeorites 121
Takahito Osawa
Part 3 The Solar Wind Dynamics: From Large to Small Scales 141
Chapter 7 Multifractal Turbulence in the Heliosphere 143
Wiesław M. Macek
Chapter 8 Field-Aligned Current Mechanisms of Prominence Destabilization 169
Petko Nenovski
Chapter 9 Small Scale Processes in the Solar Wind 195
Antonella Greco, Francesco Valentini and Sergio Servidio
Chapter 10 Kinetic Models of Solar Wind Electrons, Protons and Heavy Ions 221
Viviane Pierrard
Chapter 11 Suprathermal Particle Populations in the Solar Wind and Corona 241
M. Lazar, R. Schlickeiser and S. Poedts Part 4 The Solar Wind Magnetic Field Powered by the Sun
Chapter 12 Impact of the Large-Scale Solar Magnetic Field on the Solar Corona and Solar Wind
A.G. Tlatov and B.P. Filippov
Chapter 13 Variability of Low Energy Cosmic Rays Near Earth 285
Karel Kudela
Part 5 The Interaction of the Solar Wind with the Magnetosphere 315
Chapter 14 Impact of Solar Wind on the Earth Magnetosphere: Recent Progress in the Modeling of Ring Current and Radiation Belts 317
Natalia Buzulukova, Mei-Ching Fok and Alex Glocer
Chapter 15 Ground-Based Monitoring of the Solar Wind Geoefficiency 337
Oleg Troshichev
Chapter 16 The Polar Cap PC Indices: Relations to Solar Wind and Global Disturbances 357
Peter Stauning
Chapter 17 Sudden Impulses in the Magnetosphere and at Ground 399
U. Villante and M. Piersanti
Chapter 18 Turbulence in the Magnetosheath and the Problem of Plasma Penetration Inside the Magnetosphere 417
Elizaveta E. Antonova, Maria S. Pulinets, Maria O. Riazantseva, Svetlana S. Znatkova, Igor P. Kirpichev and Marina V. Stepanova Chapter 19 Solar Wind Sails 439
Ikkoh Funaki and Hiroshi Yamakawa.
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EBOOK - Khám phá năng lượng gió và năng lượng mặt trời - Tác giả: Marian Lazar (475 Trang).
The solar wind is a continuous outward stream of energetic charged particles from the Sun’s hot corona. The high temperature in the solar corona measures more than one million degrees causing ionization of the hydrogen and formation of a hot plasma of protons and electrons. The solar plasma is so hot that it breaks free of the Sun’s gravitational force and blows away from the surface in all directions giving rise to the solar wind. The intensity of the solar wind changes constantly, and when it gets stronger, we see more brighter aurora on Earth. Terrestrial magnetic field is compressed by the solar wind and distorted into a comet-shaped cavity known as the magnetosphere.
The magnetosphere protects the Earth as it deflects the solar wind streams, which would otherwise blow the atmosphere away. However, the energetic solar flares and coronal mass ejections during times of an active Sun can drastically affect the solar wind and space weather conditions, and, implicitly, the advanced space technology we have become so dependent upon in our everyday lives. Understanding the changing solar wind and its effects on Earth and our life is therefore one of the most challenging tasks facing space scientists today, and many space exploration missions focus on the solar wind and its interactions with Earth.
This book consists of a selection of original papers of the leading scientists in the fields of Space and Planetary Physics, Solar and Space Plasma Physics with important contributions to the theory, modeling and experimental techniques of the solar wind exploration. All chapters of this book were invited with the aim of providing a comprehensive view of the current knowledge of the solar wind formation and elemental composition, the interplane- tary dynamical evolution and acceleration of the charged plasma particles, and the guiding magnetic field that connects to the magnetospheric field lines and adjusts the effects of the solar wind on Earth.
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 The Solar Wind: Overview of the Fundamentals 1
Chapter 1 Solar Wind Laws Valid for any Phase of a Solar Cycle 3
V.G. Eselevich
Chapter 2 Solar Wind: Origin, Properties and Impact on Earth 29
U.L. Visakh Kumar and P.J. Kurian
Part 2 The Solar Wind Elemental Compostition 47
Chapter 3 Solar Wind Composition Associated with the Solar Activity 49
X. Wang, B. Klecker and P. Wurz
Chapter 4 Solar Wind and Solar System Matter After Mission Genesis 69
Kurt Marti and Peter Bochsler
Chapter 5 Measuring the Isotopic Composition of Solar Wind Noble Gases 93
Alex Meshik, Charles Hohenberg, Olga Pravdivtseva and Donald Burnett
Chapter 6 Solar Wind Noble Gases in Micrometeorites 121
Takahito Osawa
Part 3 The Solar Wind Dynamics: From Large to Small Scales 141
Chapter 7 Multifractal Turbulence in the Heliosphere 143
Wiesław M. Macek
Chapter 8 Field-Aligned Current Mechanisms of Prominence Destabilization 169
Petko Nenovski
Chapter 9 Small Scale Processes in the Solar Wind 195
Antonella Greco, Francesco Valentini and Sergio Servidio
Chapter 10 Kinetic Models of Solar Wind Electrons, Protons and Heavy Ions 221
Viviane Pierrard
Chapter 11 Suprathermal Particle Populations in the Solar Wind and Corona 241
M. Lazar, R. Schlickeiser and S. Poedts Part 4 The Solar Wind Magnetic Field Powered by the Sun
Chapter 12 Impact of the Large-Scale Solar Magnetic Field on the Solar Corona and Solar Wind
A.G. Tlatov and B.P. Filippov
Chapter 13 Variability of Low Energy Cosmic Rays Near Earth 285
Karel Kudela
Part 5 The Interaction of the Solar Wind with the Magnetosphere 315
Chapter 14 Impact of Solar Wind on the Earth Magnetosphere: Recent Progress in the Modeling of Ring Current and Radiation Belts 317
Natalia Buzulukova, Mei-Ching Fok and Alex Glocer
Chapter 15 Ground-Based Monitoring of the Solar Wind Geoefficiency 337
Oleg Troshichev
Chapter 16 The Polar Cap PC Indices: Relations to Solar Wind and Global Disturbances 357
Peter Stauning
Chapter 17 Sudden Impulses in the Magnetosphere and at Ground 399
U. Villante and M. Piersanti
Chapter 18 Turbulence in the Magnetosheath and the Problem of Plasma Penetration Inside the Magnetosphere 417
Elizaveta E. Antonova, Maria S. Pulinets, Maria O. Riazantseva, Svetlana S. Znatkova, Igor P. Kirpichev and Marina V. Stepanova Chapter 19 Solar Wind Sails 439
Ikkoh Funaki and Hiroshi Yamakawa.
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