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Theory AVL BOOST VERSION 2013.2
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BOOST simulates a wide variety of engines, 4-stroke or 2-stroke, spark or auto-ignited. Applications range from small capacity engines for motorcycles or industrial purposes up to large engines for marine propulsion. BOOST can also be used to simulate the characteristics of pneumatic systems.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction _____________________________________________________1-1
1.1. Scope _______________________________________________________________________ 1-1
1.2. User Qualifications ___________________________________________________________ 1-1
1.3. Symbols _____________________________________________________________________ 1-1
2. Theoretical Basis ________________________________________________2-1
2.1. Species Transport and Gas Properties __________________________________________ 2-1
2.1.1. Classic Species Transport __________________________________________________ 2-1
2.1.2. General Species Transport _________________________________________________ 2-2
2.1.3. Definition of the fuel species _______________________________________________ 2-4
2.2. Cylinder _____________________________________________________________________ 2-5
2.2.1. Basic Conservation Equations ______________________________________________ 2-5
2.2.2. Combustion Models ______________________________________________________ 2-19
2.2.3. Emission Models _________________________________________________________ 2-55
2.2.4. Knock Model ____________________________________________________________ 2-62
2.2.5. Dynamic In-Cylinder Swirl _______________________________________________ 2-63
2.2.6. Dynamic In-Cylinder Tumble _____________________________________________ 2-64
2.2.7. Wall Temperature _______________________________________________________ 2-64
2.2.8. Divided Combustion Chamber _____________________________________________ 2-65
2.3. Plenum and Variable Plenum _________________________________________________ 2-67
2.4. Pipe _______________________________________________________________________ 2-68
2.4.1. Conservation Equations __________________________________________________ 2-68
2.4.2. Variable Wall Temperature _______________________________________________ 2-75
2.4.3. Forward / Backward Running Waves _______________________________________ 2-78
2.4.4. Nomenclature (Pipe) _____________________________________________________ 2-79
2.5. 3D Cell Elements ____________________________________________________________ 2-81
2.5.1. General: Volume Type____________________________________________________ 2-81
2.5.2. Standard Connector ______________________________________________________ 2-82
2.5.3. Perforated Connector ____________________________________________________ 2-84
2.6. Perforated Pipe _____________________________________________________________ 2-86
2.6.1. Perforated Pipe contained in Pipe _________________________________________ 2-86
2.6.2. Perforated Pipe contained in Plenum ______________________________________ 2-87
2.7. System or Internal Boundary (Pipe Attachment) ________________________________ 2-87
2.8. Restriction _________________________________________________________________ 2-88
2.8.1. Flow Restriction and Rotary Valve _________________________________________ 2-88
2.8.2. Throttle ________________________________________________________________ 2-90
2.8.3. Injector / Carburetor _____________________________________________________ 2-90
2.8.4. Check Valve _____________________________________________________________ 2-93
2.8.5. Waste Gate _____________________________________________________________ 2-94
2.9. Junction ____________________________________________________________________ 2-94
2.10. Charging __________________________________________________________________ 2-95
2.10.1. Turbine _______________________________________________________________ 2-95
2.10.2. Compressor ____________________________________________________________ 2-96
BOOST v2013.2 Theory
ii AST.01.0114.2013.2 - 15-Nov-2013
2.10.3. Turbocharger __________________________________________________________ 2-97
2.10.4. Mechanically Driven Supercharger _______________________________________ 2-98
2.10.5. Pressure Wave Supercharger (PWSC) _____________________________________ 2-99
2.10.6. Catalyst _______________________________________________________________ 2-99
2.10.7. Particulate Filter ______________________________________________________ 2-100
2.11. Engine ___________________________________________________________________ 2-100
2.11.1. Engine Control Unit ___________________________________________________ 2-100
2.11.2. Engine Friction _______________________________________________________ 2-101
2.11.3. Mechanical Network ___________________________________________________ 2-105
2.11.4. Electrical Device _______________________________________________________ 2-106
2.12. Acoustic __________________________________________________________________ 2-107
2.12.1. End Corrections _______________________________________________________ 2-107
2.12.2. Microphone ___________________________________________________________ 2-108
2.13. BURN Utility _____________________________________________________________ 2-111
2.14. Abbreviations _____________________________________________________________ 2-112
2.15. Literature _
BOOST simulates a wide variety of engines, 4-stroke or 2-stroke, spark or auto-ignited. Applications range from small capacity engines for motorcycles or industrial purposes up to large engines for marine propulsion. BOOST can also be used to simulate the characteristics of pneumatic systems.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction _____________________________________________________1-1
1.1. Scope _______________________________________________________________________ 1-1
1.2. User Qualifications ___________________________________________________________ 1-1
1.3. Symbols _____________________________________________________________________ 1-1
2. Theoretical Basis ________________________________________________2-1
2.1. Species Transport and Gas Properties __________________________________________ 2-1
2.1.1. Classic Species Transport __________________________________________________ 2-1
2.1.2. General Species Transport _________________________________________________ 2-2
2.1.3. Definition of the fuel species _______________________________________________ 2-4
2.2. Cylinder _____________________________________________________________________ 2-5
2.2.1. Basic Conservation Equations ______________________________________________ 2-5
2.2.2. Combustion Models ______________________________________________________ 2-19
2.2.3. Emission Models _________________________________________________________ 2-55
2.2.4. Knock Model ____________________________________________________________ 2-62
2.2.5. Dynamic In-Cylinder Swirl _______________________________________________ 2-63
2.2.6. Dynamic In-Cylinder Tumble _____________________________________________ 2-64
2.2.7. Wall Temperature _______________________________________________________ 2-64
2.2.8. Divided Combustion Chamber _____________________________________________ 2-65
2.3. Plenum and Variable Plenum _________________________________________________ 2-67
2.4. Pipe _______________________________________________________________________ 2-68
2.4.1. Conservation Equations __________________________________________________ 2-68
2.4.2. Variable Wall Temperature _______________________________________________ 2-75
2.4.3. Forward / Backward Running Waves _______________________________________ 2-78
2.4.4. Nomenclature (Pipe) _____________________________________________________ 2-79
2.5. 3D Cell Elements ____________________________________________________________ 2-81
2.5.1. General: Volume Type____________________________________________________ 2-81
2.5.2. Standard Connector ______________________________________________________ 2-82
2.5.3. Perforated Connector ____________________________________________________ 2-84
2.6. Perforated Pipe _____________________________________________________________ 2-86
2.6.1. Perforated Pipe contained in Pipe _________________________________________ 2-86
2.6.2. Perforated Pipe contained in Plenum ______________________________________ 2-87
2.7. System or Internal Boundary (Pipe Attachment) ________________________________ 2-87
2.8. Restriction _________________________________________________________________ 2-88
2.8.1. Flow Restriction and Rotary Valve _________________________________________ 2-88
2.8.2. Throttle ________________________________________________________________ 2-90
2.8.3. Injector / Carburetor _____________________________________________________ 2-90
2.8.4. Check Valve _____________________________________________________________ 2-93
2.8.5. Waste Gate _____________________________________________________________ 2-94
2.9. Junction ____________________________________________________________________ 2-94
2.10. Charging __________________________________________________________________ 2-95
2.10.1. Turbine _______________________________________________________________ 2-95
2.10.2. Compressor ____________________________________________________________ 2-96
BOOST v2013.2 Theory
ii AST.01.0114.2013.2 - 15-Nov-2013
2.10.3. Turbocharger __________________________________________________________ 2-97
2.10.4. Mechanically Driven Supercharger _______________________________________ 2-98
2.10.5. Pressure Wave Supercharger (PWSC) _____________________________________ 2-99
2.10.6. Catalyst _______________________________________________________________ 2-99
2.10.7. Particulate Filter ______________________________________________________ 2-100
2.11. Engine ___________________________________________________________________ 2-100
2.11.1. Engine Control Unit ___________________________________________________ 2-100
2.11.2. Engine Friction _______________________________________________________ 2-101
2.11.3. Mechanical Network ___________________________________________________ 2-105
2.11.4. Electrical Device _______________________________________________________ 2-106
2.12. Acoustic __________________________________________________________________ 2-107
2.12.1. End Corrections _______________________________________________________ 2-107
2.12.2. Microphone ___________________________________________________________ 2-108
2.13. BURN Utility _____________________________________________________________ 2-111
2.14. Abbreviations _____________________________________________________________ 2-112
2.15. Literature _
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